Table 2 Process measures of nutrition therapy
Process Measures | Feeding guideline 48 ICUs, 1399 pts | Controls 49 ICU, 1373 pts | Difference (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean time from enrollment to EN initiation, d, mean ± SD | 1.20 ± 1.42 | 1.55 ± 1.64 | − 0.40 [− 0.71, − 0.09] | 0.01 |
Mean time to from enrollment to PN initiation, d, mean ± SD | 1.29 ± 1.74 | 0.80 ± 1.40 | 1.06 [ 0.44, 1.67] | 0.001 |
Mean nutrition support days within first seven days after enrollment /10 patient-days, mean ± SD |  |  |  |  |
EN and/or PN | 8.29 ± 2.26 | 8.34 ± 2.43 | 0.10 [− 0.44, 0.65] | 0.71 |
EN (either alone or combined with PN) | 7.51 ± 2.82 | 6.49 ± 3.42 | 1.09 [0.46, 1.73] | 0.001 |
PN(either alone or combined with EN) | 1.66 ± 3.12 | 3.72 ± 4.18 | − 1.68 [− 2.86, − 0.49] | 0.006 |
Mean energy delivered for patients within first seven days after enrollment / fed patient*-days, kcal, mean ± SD |  |  |  |  |
EN | 1070.8 ± 500.6 | 1015.9 ± 423.5 | 64.45 [− 49.13,178.04] | 0.26 |
PN | 776.5 ± 472.9 | 829.9 ± 611.1 | − 43.21 [− 245.8,159.41] | 0.67 |
Patients never fed during first seven days, No. (%) | 7(0.6%) | 12(0.9%) | 0.2% [− 0.6%; 1.0%] | 0.67 |
Patients received EN during first two days after enrollment, No. (%) | 883(65.8%) | 687(51.4%) | 16.5% [ 7.0%; 25.9%] |  < 0.001 |
Patients received PN during first two days after enrollment, No. (%) | 250(18.6%) | 555(41.5%) | − 19.5% [− 33.1%; − 5.9%] | 0.005 |
Patients fed during first two days after enrollment, No. (%) | 1036(77.2%) | 1042(78.0%) | 0.7% [− 8.4%; 9.9%] | 0.87 |
Patients received EN or PN first two days after enrollment, No. (%) | 1022(76.2%) | 1006(75.3%) | 3.2% [− 6.0%; 12.5%] | 0.49 |
EN tolerance score after enrollments, mean ± SD |  |  |  |  |
Day 1 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | − 0.03 [− 0.23, 0.16] | 0.74 |
Day 2 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 1.0 | − 0.05 [− 0.24, 0.14] | 0.62 |
Day 3 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | − 0.02 [− 0.20, 0.16] | 0.85 |
Day 4 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 1.1 | − 0.06 [− 0.23, 0.11] | 0.47 |
Day 5 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 1.1 | − 0.11 [− 0.25, 0.04] | 0.16 |
Day 6 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | − 0.08 [− 0.23, 0.07] | 0.30 |
Day 7 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | − 0.10 [− 0.25, 0.05] | 0.18 |
Days requiring prokinetic agents within first seven days enrollment /10 patient-days, mean ± SD | 1.1 ± 2.7 | 1.0 ± 2.5 | 0.37 [− 0.29, 1.03] | 0.26 |
Proportion of patients who received a post-pyloric feeding tube (patients receiving EN) within first seven days after enrollment, No. (%) | 91(6.5%) | 149(10.9%) | − 3.1% [− 9.3%; 3.1%] | 0.32 |