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Table 2 Assessment of risk factors for KDIGO stage 3 AKI at ECMO initiation in univariable and multivariable analysis

From: The role of cell-free hemoglobin and haptoglobin in acute kidney injury in critically ill adults with ARDS and therapy with VV ECMO

Model and variables

Univariable model

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Multivariable model*

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Model 1

    

CFH

    

 Low CFH

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Moderate CFH

2.53 (1.44–4.53)

< 0.001

2.69 (1.25–5.95)

0.012

 High CFH

5.41 (2.59–11.8)

< 0.001

5.47 (2.00–15.9)

0.001

Age

1.02 (1.01–1.04)

0.008

1.03 (1.01–1.06)

0.001

Chronic lung disease

0.35 (0.21–0.59)

< 0.001

–

 

Chronic kidney disease

3.20 (1.71–8.05)

0.001

4.18 (1.75–15.6)

0.007

Pulmonary origin

0.40 (0.17–0.86)

0.03

–

 

ARDS severity

6.21 (1.59–41.3)

0.02

–

 

pH at ECMO initiation

0.94 (0.91–0.96)

< 0.001

1.80 (1.30–2.56)

< 0.001

PIP at ECMO initiation (per cmH2O)

1.07 (1.04–1.11)

< 0.001

–

 

Pplateau at ECMO initiation (cmH2O)

1.10 (1.06–1.15)

< 0.001

–

 

PEEP at ECMO initiation (per cmH2O)

1.29 (1.20–1.41)

< 0.001

1.31 (1.19–1.46)

< 0.001

Septic shock

5.39 (3.21–9.20)

< 0.001

4.35 (2.18–8.97)

< 0.001

Model 2

    

CFH and Haptoglobin

    

 Low CFH

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Moderate CFH, Haptoglobin ≥ 2.7 g/l

1.72 (0.57–5.16)

0.32

1.17 (0.24–5.44)

0.11

 Moderate CFH, Haptoglobin < 2.7 g/l

2.60 (1.44–4.75)

0.001

3.08 (1.37–7.12)

0.007

 High CFH, Haptoglobin ≥ 2.4 g/l

3.44 (0.63–25.9)

0.17

2.89 (0.44–24.9)

0.27

 High CFH, Haptoglobin < 2.4 g/l

7.08 (3.10–17.5)

< 0.001

9.22 (2.80 -34.4)

< 0.001

Age

See Model 1

 

1.04 (1.02–1.06)

0.001

Chronic lung disease

See Model 1

 

-

 

Chronic kidney disease

See Model 1

 

4.74 (1.84–18.5)

0.005

Pulmonary origin

See Model 1

 

-

 

ARDS severity

See Model 1

 

-

 

pH at ECMO initiation

See Model 1

 

1.77 (1.26–2.55)

0.001

PIP at ECMO initiation (per cmH2O)

See Model 1

 

–

 

Pplateau at ECMO initiation (cmH2O)

See Model 1

 

–

 

PEEP at ECMO initiation (per cmH2O)

See Model 1

 

1.34 (1.21–1.52)

< 0.001

Septic shock

See Model 1

 

3.97 (1.94–8.39)

< 0.001

  1. CFH, cell-free hemoglobin; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; PIP, peak inspiratory pressure; Pplateau, plateau pressure; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure
  2. *Multivariable logistic regression analyses using a backward variable selection procedure based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC). According to AIC analyses, the following variables were removed from the models: Chronic lung disease, Pulmonary origin, ARDS severity, PIP at ECMO initiation, and Pplateau at ECMO initiation. Internal validation demonstrated an excellent discrimination for model 1 c = 0.89 [95% CI, 0.85–0.93] and model 2 c = 0.90 [95% CI, 0.86–0.93]
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Critical Care

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