Table 1 Clinical–biochemical–radiological characteristics of patients included in the final data analysis
From: Lung histopathologic clusters in severe COVID-19: a link between clinical picture and tissue damage
N = 48 | |
|---|---|
Age, years | 64.5 (60–71) |
BMI | 27.7 (24.5–31.1) |
Gender, M/F, n (%) | 44/4 (91.7/8.3) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |
Smoke | 9 (18.8) |
Cardiovascular disease | 30 (62.5) |
Respiratory disease | 3 (6.3) |
Immunosuppressive therapy | 2 (4.2) |
HIV | 1 (2.1) |
Diabetes | 5 (10.4) |
Cancer | 6 (12.5) |
Symptoms onset-to-hospital admission interval, days | 7 (4–10) |
Symptoms onset-to-mechanical ventilation, days | 12 (8.7–17.5) |
Chest X-ray scorea | 15 (13–16) |
CPAP treatment, n (%) | 39 (81.2) |
CPAP days | 2 (1–5) |
Patients treated with MV, n (%) | 43 (89.6) |
MV days | 15 (7–19) |
PPV days | 17.5 (9–23.7) |
FiO2 | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) |
PEEP, cmH2O | 14 (12–17.5) |
mPEEPTOT, cmH2O | 13.6 (10.5–16) |
cPEEP, cmH2O·days | 193.4 (123.4–279.5) |
Ppeak, cmH2O | 33 (30–35) |
Tidal volume, ml | 550 (500–600) |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 116.5 (93.7–142.5) |
ABG | |
pH | 7.33 (7.27–7.4) |
pCO2, mmHg | 46.5 (40–54.5) |
pO2, mmHg | 86.5 (70.5–101.2) |
Prone position, n (%) | 10 (20.8) |
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 75 (70–80) |
Norepinephrine, n (%) | 31 (64.6) |
Fluid balance, ml | 1025 (177–1817) |
AKI, n (%) | |
None | 11 (22.9) |
KDIGO class I | 11 (22.9) |
KDIGO class II | 4 (8.3) |
KDIGO class III | 22 (45.8) |
CRRT, n (%) | 11 (22.9) |
Neutrophils, cells·mm3 | 8340 (5060–11,000) |
Lymphocytes, cells·mm3 | 536 (413–815) |
Neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio | 16.3 (7.7–23.1) |
Hemoglobin, g dl−1 | 12.7 (11.5–13.8) |
Hematocrit, % | 37.5 (35–41) |
Platelets, 103 cells·mm3 | 217.5 (174–331) |
C-reactive protein, mg l−1 | 220 (126–322) |
Procalcitonin, µg l−1 | 1.25 (0.27–2.6) |
Worst S-albumin, g dl−1 | 1.7 (1.6–2) |
Worst D-dimer, ng ml−1 | 13,390 (3758–29,524) |
Fibrinogen, mg ml−1 | 700 (695–700) |
IL-6, ng l−1 | 254 (160–1047) |
Ferritin, µg l−1 | 2560 (1282–3494) |
S-creatinine, mg dl−1 | 0.95 (0.78–1.41) |
LDH, U l−1 | 543 (437.5–703.7) |
SOFA score | 10 (8–11.75) |
Pharmacological treatment, n (%) | |
Tocilizumab | 12 (25) |
Remdesivir | 11 (22.9) |
Hydroxychloroquine | 31 (64.6) |
Lopinavir/ritonavir | 26 (54.2) |
Steroids | 14 (29.2) |
Sepsis/septic shock, n (%) | 28 (58.3) |
LOS—ICU, days | 15 (6.25–19.75) |
LOS—hospital, days | 17.5 (11–25) |