HSV-1 reactivation is associated with an increased risk of mortality and pneumonia in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without HSV reactivations

		All patients (n = 153)	Without HSV reactivation (n = 113)	HSV reactivation (n = 40)	p-value
Female	Number (%)	38 (24.8)	28 (24.8)	10 (25)	1.000
Age	Median (IQR)	60.8 [50.2; 69.5]	60.8 [50.1; 68.8]	61.9 [50.9; 70.8]	0.546
BMI	Median (IQR)	28.8 [25.3; 33]	29 [25.4; 33]	27.7 [24.4; 33.2]	0.629
Diabetes	Number (%)	48 (31.4)	40 (35.4)	8 (20)	0.078
Other chronic diseases*	Number (%)	73 (47.7)	55 (48.7)	18 (45)	0.716
SOFA score	Median (IQR)	5 [3; 7]	5 [3; 7]	5 [4; 7]	0.468
Maximal body temperature (°C)	Median (IQR)	38.2 [37.5; 39.1]	38 [37.5; 39]	38.9 [37.8; 39.3]	0.029
Mechanical ventilation					0.009
None	Number (%)	16 (10.5)	14 (12.4)	2 (5)
CPAP/HFNO	Number (%)	85 (55.6)	69 (61.1)	16 (40)
IMV/PEEP < 10 mmHg	Number (%)	0	0	0
IMV/PEEP > 10 mmHg	Number (%)	40 (26.1)	22 (19.5)	18 (45)
ECMO	Number (%)	12 (7.8)	8 (7.1)	4 (10)
Lymphocytes count (/mm3)	Median (IQR)	885 [595; 1220]	890 [610; 1230]	880 [570; 1210]	0.784
Initial use of corticosteroid	Number (%)	108 (70.6)	86 (76.1)	22 (55)	0.016
Tocilizumab/anakinra	Number (%)	31 (20.3)	25 (22.1)	6 (15)	0.492
CRP (mg/L)	Median (IQR)	138.5 [77.5; 204.5]	125 [64.5; 183.5]	180.5 [115.5; 252.5]	0.001
D-Dimers (mg/mL)	Median (IQR)	962 [588; 2043]	952 [564; 1768]	1056.5 [682; 4376]	0.195
Ferritin (ng/mL)	Median (IQR)	1159 [592; 1979]	1060 [526; 1915]	1348 [832; 2370]	0.110
LDH (UI/L)	Median (IQR)	438.5 [337; 606.9]	417 [331; 538]	504.9 [388; 695]	0.019

HSV-positive and -negative patients were compared with Chi-square, Fisher and Wilcoxon tests IQR Inter Quartile Range. These data were collected on ICU admission (day one or two)
HSV Herpes simplex virus; BMI Body Mass Index; SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; HFNO High-Flow Nasal Oxygenotherapy; IMV Invasive Mechanical Ventilation; PEEP Positive End Expiratory Pressure; ECMO Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation; CRP C Reactive Protein; LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase
^*Other chronic diseases were hepatic, heart, respiratory, renal or hematologic diseases, according to the Knaus definitions
HSV-positive and -negative patients were compared with Chi-square, Fisher and Wilcoxon tests IQR Inter Quartile Range. These data were collected on ICU admission (day one or two)
HSV Herpes simplex virus; BMI Body Mass Index; SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; HFNO High-Flow Nasal Oxygenotherapy; IMV Invasive Mechanical Ventilation; PEEP Positive End Expiratory Pressure; ECMO Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation; CRP C Reactive Protein; LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase
^*Other chronic diseases were hepatic, heart, respiratory, renal or hematologic diseases, according to the Knaus definitions

ISSN: 1364-8535