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Table 2 Outcomes

From: Novel protocol combining physical and nutrition therapies, Intensive Goal-directed REhabilitation with Electrical muscle stimulation and Nutrition (IGREEN) care bundle

 

IGREEN

Standard care

p value

n = 56

n = 45

Primary endpoint

 Femoral muscle volume

   

  Day1, mL, median (IQR)

3730 (2268, 4573)

3230 (2410, 4640)

0.49

  Day10, mL, median (IQR)

3145 (2298, 4220)

2810 (1960, 4230)

0.38

 Loss from day 1 to 10, %

11.6 (5.9)

14.5 (7.6)

0.03*

Secondary endpoint

   

 Rehabilitation

   

  IMS 1 achieved, d, median (IQR)

1.0 (1.0, 2.0)

1.0 (1.0, 2.0)

0.54

  IMS 3 achieved, d, median (IQR)

3.0 (2.0, 5.0)

5.0 (3.0, 5.8)

0.01*

  IMS 4 achieved, d, median (IQR)

3.0 (2.0, 6.0)

5.0 (4.0, 7.0)

0.02*

  MRC score, median (IQR)

49.5 (23.0, 58.0)

55.0 (37.0, 60.0)

0.26

  Grip strength, kg, median (IQR)

14.1 (0.0, 20.1)

15.0 (0.0, 24.0)

0.8

  FSS-ICU, median (IQR)

9.0 (3.0, 19.0)

9.5 (1.0, 19.5)

0.99

  Barthel Index, median (IQR)

52.5 (5.0, 93.8)

70.0 (0.0, 100.0)

0.64

 Nutrition

   

  Mean calorie delivery, kcal/kg/day

20.1 (5.7)

16.6 (5.6)

< 0.01*

  Mean protein delivery, g/kg/day

1.4 (0.4)

0.8 (0.3)

< 0.01*

  Cumulative nitrogen balance

− 27.8 (44.8)

− 42.1 (57.1)

0.16

  EN failure, n (%)

4 (7.1)

4 (8.9)

1

 Treatment

   

  Survival discharge, n (%)

50 (89.3)

39 (86.7)

0.92

  Length of hospital stay, d, median (IQR)

29.0 (14.0, 63.0)

23.0 (16.0, 35.0)

0.27

  Length of ICU stay, d, median (IQR)

6.0 (4.0, 9.0)

5.0 (4.0, 8.0)

0.59

  MV use, n (%)

44 (78.6)

34 (75.6)

0.9

  Duration of MV, d, median (IQR)

3.0 (1.0, 5.0)

2.0 (1.0, 5.0)

0.33

  RRT use, n (%)

13 (23.2)

12 (26.7)

0.87

  Steroid dose, mg, median (IQR)†

0.0 (0.0, 600.0)

0.0 (0.0, 600.0)

0.67

  NMBA use, n (%)

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

0.82

 N-titin/Cre, pmol/mgCre

   

  Mean, median (IQR)

96.3 (41.1, 181.5)

46.2 (21.9, 87.5)

< 0.01*

  Change, median (IQR)

− 27.2 (− 166.7, − 1.0)

4.5 (− 26.1, 28.7)

< 0.01*

 Laboratory data on day 10

   

  BUN, mg/dL, median (IQR)

36.6 (26.3, 50.7)

27.6 (17.6, 40.8)

0.02*

  Creatinine, mg/dL, median (IQR)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

0.9 (0.6, 1.6)

0.94

  Albumin, mg/dL, median (IQR)

2.8 (0.7)

2.6 (0.5)

0.25

  TLC, /mm3, median (IQR)

1188 (808, 1634)

1125 (803, 1531)

0.5

  CRP, mg/dL, median (IQR)

2.5 (0.7, 6.0)

2.7 (1.0, 5.1)

0.62

  1. Data are shown as means (SD) unless otherwise noted
  2. ICU intensive care unit, MRC Medical Research Council, FSS-ICU functional status score for the intensive care unit, EN enteral nutrition, MV mechanical ventilation, RRT renal replacement therapy, NMBA neuromuscular blocking agent, N-titin/Cre titin N-fragment in urine divided by urine creatinine, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Cre creatinine, TLC total lymphocyte count, CRP C-reactive protein
  3. *p < 0.05, †Total dose of a hydrocortisone equivalent within 10 days
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