Fig. 1From: The effect of opioids on gastrointestinal function in the ICUSummary of opioid-induced effects in the GI system. MOR mu opioid receptor, DOR delta opioid receptor, KOR kappa opioid receptor, CM circular muscle, LM longitudinal muscle, SM submucosa, Muc mucosa, Ach acetylcholine, SP substance-P, NO nitric oxide, VIP vasoactive intestinal polypeptideBack to article page