Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants included in analysis

Number

186

2940

–

Male/Female

115/71

1312/1628

 < 0.001

Age at GOS enrolment (yr)

66.6 [59.8, 73.6]

50.5 [33.4, 70.3]

 < 0.001

 < 40

9 (4.8)

1027 (35.0)

 40–59

39 (21.0)

819 (27.9)

 60–79

112 (60.2)

731 (24.9)

 > 79

26 (14.0)

362 (12.3)

Height at first scan (cm)

167.3 (± 9.4)

167.4 (± 10.2)

0.87

Weight at first scan (kg)

79.3 (± 16.8)

74.7 (± 16.1)

 < 0.001

BMI at first scan (kg/m²)

28.4 (± 4.8)

26.6 (± 4.8)

 < 0.001

Lean mass at first scan

 Total (kg)

50.4 (± 11.2)

47.4 (± 11.5)

 < 0.001

 Percentage (%)

64.2 (± 9.3)

64.2 (± 9.8)

0.98

Fat mass at first scan

 Total (kg)

25.4 (± 9.0)

23.7 (± 9.7)

0.03

 Percentage (%)

32.2 (± 9.7)

31.6 (± 10.1)

0.43

ALM/h² at first scan (kg/m²)

7.82 (± 1.26)

7.48 (± 1.33)

 < 0.001

Age at ICU admission (yr)

75 [68, 81]

–

–

Admit category

 Medical

49 (26.3)

–

–

 Surgical

71 (38.2)

–

–

 Cardiothoracic surgery

66 (35.5)

–

–

Co-morbidities*

 Respiratory

68 (36.6)

–

–

 Cardiovascular

118 (63.4)

–

–

 Renal

26 (14.0)

–

–

 Diabetes

42 (22.6)

–

–

 Smoker

88 (47.3)

–

–

ICU LOS (days)

1.67 [0.94, 2.31]

–

–

Hospital LOS (days)

9.65 [6.09, 14.37]

–

–

APACHE III score

55 [44, 66]

–

–

Mechanically ventilated

108 (58.1)

–

–

 Duration of ventilation (h)

12 [8, 21.5]

Died in ICU

13 (7.1)

–

–

Died in hospital

24 (13.1)

–

–

28-day mortality

21 (11.3)