Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and biological characteristics of 1491 patients not intubated on the day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, according to oxygenation strategy
No | All patients | Standard oxygen | HFNC | NIV | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 1491) | (n = 766) | (n = 567) | (n = 158) | |||
Age, years | 1491 | 63 (54–71) | 61 (53–70) | 64 (55–72) | 65 (56–72) | 0.005 |
Women, n (%) | 1488 | 397 (27) | 212 (28) | 140 (25) | 45 (29) | 0.389 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 1370 | 28 (25–31) | 28 (25–32) | 28 (25–31) | 29 (26–33) | 0.334 |
≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 1370 | 504 (37) | 260 (37) | 179 (35) | 65 (45) | 0.085 |
Active smokers, n (%) | 1465 | 67 (5) | 35 (5) | 19 (4) | 13 (8) | 0.037 |
SAPS II score | 1398 | 30 (23–37) | 27 (21–35) | 32 (27–39) | 33 (26–41) | < 0.001 |
SOFA score at ICU admission | 1290 | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–5) | < 0.001 |
Treated hypertension, n (%) | 1485 | 687 (46) | 331 (43) | 263 (47) | 93 (59) | 0.001 |
Known diabetes, n (%) | 1486 | 409 (28) | 206 (27) | 145 (26) | 58 (37) | 0.018 |
Immunodeficiencya, n (%) | 1479 | 102 (7) | 42 (6) | 48 (9) | 12 (8) | 0.090 |
Clinical frailty scale | 1379 | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–4) | < 0.001 |
Time between first symptoms and ICU admission, days | 1435 | 9 (6–12) | 8 (6–11) | 9 (7–12) | 9 (7–12) | < 0.001 |
During the first 24 h in ICU | ||||||
Hemodynamic component of the SOFA | 1435 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.351 |
Renal component of the SOFA | 1416 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.047 |
Corticosteroidsb, n (%) | 1476 | 165 (11) | 50 (7) | 85 (15) | 30 (19) | < 0.001 |
Blood gases | ||||||
pH | 1365 | 7.46 (7.42–7.48) | 7.45 (7.42–7.48) | 7.46 (7.44–7.49) | 7.44 (7.41–7.48) | < 0.001 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 1367 | 36 (32–40) | 36 (33–40) | 36 (32–39) | 36 (32–43) | 0.039 |
PaO2/FiO2c | 1216 | 122 (82–177) | 154 (89–219) | 104 (77–134) | 128 (86–169) | < 0.001 |
HCO3, mmol/L | 1357 | 25 (23–27) | 25 (23–27) | 25 (23–27) | 25 (23–28) | 0.769 |
Lactate, mmol/L | 1281 | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 0.039 |
Biology | ||||||
Lymphocyte count, × 109/L | 1199 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.016 |
Platelet count, × 109/L | 1342 | 222 (167–289) | 205 (159–275) | 236 (177–302) | 241 (177–294) | < 0.001 |
Total bilirubin, µmol/L | 1023 | 9 (7–12) | 9 (7–12) | 9 (7–12) | 9 (7–13) | 0.085 |
Serum creatinine, µmol/L | 1369 | 71 (59–94) | 72 (60–91) | 71 (57–92) | 74 (59–110) | 0.098 |
D–dimers, µg/L | 548 | 1159 (647–2204) | 1080 (675–2000) | 1282 (708–2930) | 1040 (538–1939) | 0.097 |
Period of admission | 1491 | < 0.001 | ||||
February 25 to March 28, 2020, n (%) | 713 (48) | 479 (63) | 187 (33) | 47 (30) | ||
March 29 to May 4, 2020, n (%) | 778 (52) | 287 (37) | 380 (67) | 111 (70) | ||
Do-not-intubate, n (%) | 1491 | 155 (10%) | 65 (8%) | 54 (10%) | 36 (23%) | < 0.001 |