Skip to main content

Table 1 Pre-ECMO characteristics according to ICU admission before or after July 1, 2020

From: Evolving outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for severe COVID-19 ARDS in Sorbonne hospitals, Paris

Characteristic

All (N = 159)

ICU admission

p

Before July 1 (N = 88)

After July 1 (N = 71)

Age, years

51 (43–58)

49 (41–56)

54 (49–60)

0.002

Male

114 (72)

64 (73)

50 (70)

0.784

Body mass index, kg/cm2

30.8 (27.7–35.1)

30.3 (27.7–34.0)

31.0 (27.2–37.0)

0.513

SAPS II

55 (39–64)

46 (30–57)

61 (53–68)

 < 0.001

RESP score

4 (2–5)

4 (2–5)

3 (2–4)

0.020

Total SOFA score

11 (9–13)

11 (9–13)

11 (8–13)

0.599

Renal component ≥ 3

24 (15)

15 (17)

9 (13)

0.795

 Cardiovascular component ≥ 3

79 (50)

44 (50)

35 (49)

0.752

 Hematological component ≥ 3

4 (3)

2 (2)

2 (3)

0.556

Comorbidities

    

 Hypertension

64 (40)

34 (39)

30 (42)

0.644

 Diabetes

54 (34)

38 (43)

26 (37)

0.525

 Chronic respiratory diseasea

24 (15)

10 (11)

14 (20)

0.143

 Immunocompromisedb

9 (6)

3 (3)

6 (8)

0.189

Time from

    

 First symptoms to ICU admission, days

7 (5–10)

7 (5–10)

8 (5–11)

0.452

 First symptoms to intubation, days

10 (7–13)

8 (6–11)

11 (8–17)

 < 0.001

 ICU admission to intubation, days

1 (0–3)

0 (0–1)

3 (1–8)

 < 0.001

 ICU admission to ECMO, days

7 (3–9)

6 (3–7)

9 (4–12)

 < 0.001

 Intubation to ECMO, days

4 (1–7)

4 (3–6)

3 (1–7)

0.115

MERT retrieval on-ECMO from another hospital

135 (85)

66 (75)

69 (97)

 < 0.001

High-flow oxygen before intubation

75 (47)

17 (19)

58 (82)

 < 0.001

 Duration, days

4 (1–7)

2 (0–4)

5 (1–8)

0.009

Non-invasive ventilation before intubation

32 (20)

6 (7)

26 (37)

 < 0.001

 Duration, days

3 (1–6)

2 (3–4)

3 (1–8)

0.575

Volume-assist control ventilation

156 (98)

88 (100)

68 (96)

0.094

Ventilation parameters

    

 FiO2

100 (100–100)

100 (100–100)

100 (100–100)

0.359

 PEEP, cmH2O

12 (10–14)

13 (12–14)

12 (10–14)

0.019

 Tidal volume, mL/kg PBW

6.0 (5.6–6.4)

6.0 (5.7–6.4)

6.1 (5.5–6.3)

0.661

 Respiratory rate, breaths/min

30 (26–30)

30 (28–30)

30 (26–30)

0.519

 Plateau pressure, cmH2O

31 (29–32)

31 (29–33)

30 (30–32)

0.717

 Driving pressure, cmH2O c

19 (16–21)

18 (16–20)

19 (16–22)

0.289

 Static compliance, mL/cmH2O

21.5 (17.5–26.4)

22.1 (18.1–26.5)

20.8 (17.0–23.9)

0.148

 Mechanical power, J/min d

23.8 (20.2–27.1)

24.9 (21.9–27.2)

21.4 (19.2–26.4)

0.055

 Ventilatory ratio

2.7 (2.2–3.1)

2.8 (2.3–3.3)

2.5 (2.0–2.9)

0.046

Last blood-gas values pre-ECMO

    

 pH

7.32 (7.25–7.39)

7.32 (7.24–7.38)

7.33 (7.26–7.41)

0.143

 PaO2/FiO2

60 (54–69)

60 (54–68)

60 (54–74)

0.601

 PaCO2, mmHg

56 (49–65)

57 (50–67)

53 (48–63)

0.156

 PaO2, mmHg

63 (54–70)

64 (54–71)

63 (55–70)

0.857

 Plasma bicarbonate, mmol/L

27 (23–32)

27 (24–32)

27 (23–33)

0.705

 Arterial lactate, mmol/L

1.6 (1.3–2.1)

1.6 (1.4–2.0)

1.6 (1.3–2.4)

0.858

Laboratory values

    

 White-cell count, G/L

13.0 (9.5–18.0)

13.1 (10.0–17.1)

12.9 (8.6–18.9)

0.872

 Lymphocytes, G/L

0.85 (0.50–1.33)

0.96 (0.55–1.46)

0.80 (0.50–1.14)

0.328

Dexamethasone (6 mg/day) started pre-ECMO

74 (47)

16 (18)

58 (82)

 < 0.001

Rescue therapy pre-ECMO

    

 Any

157 (99)

86 (98)

71 (100)

0.503

 Neuromuscular blockade

150 (94)

83 (94)

67 (94)

1.000

 Prone positioning

146 (92)

82 (93)

64 (90)

0.487

 Inhaled nitric oxide or prostacyclin

68 (43)

31 (35)

37 (52)

0.032

 High-dose corticosteroids

10 (6)

6 (7)

4 (6)

1.000

 Almitrine

1 (0.6)

1 (1)

0 (0)

1.000

Renal replacement therapy

5 (3)

4 (5)

1 (1)

0.381

Cardiac arrest

5 (3)

3 (3)

2 (3)

1.000

  1. Values are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (%)
  2. ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, MERT Mobile ECMO Retrieval Team, PaO2/FiO2 ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, PBW predicted body weight, PaCO2 partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, RESP Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction, SaO2 arterial oxygen saturation, SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sequential Organ-Function Assessment
  3. aDefined as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma
  4. bDefined as hematological malignancies, active solid tumor or having received specific anti-tumor treatment within 1 year, solid-organ transplant or human immunodeficiency virus-infected, long-term corticosteroids or immunosuppressants
  5. cDefined as plateau pressure minus PEEP
  6. dMechanical power (J/min) = 0·098 × tidal volume × respiratory rate × peak pressure – 1/2 × driving pressure. If not specified, peak pressure was considered equal to plateau pressure
Back to article page

Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535