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Table 1 Overall subject baseline characteristics and comparison between the early and late awake prone positioning group

From: Early versus late awake prone positioning in non-intubated patients with COVID-19

Variables

Overall

(n = 125)

Early awake prone

(n = 92)

Late awake prone

(n = 33)

P value

Age, mean (SD)

62.0 ± 11.9

61.1 ± 12.3

64.9 ± 10.4

0.113

Male, n (%)

79 (63.2)

56 (61)

23 (67)

0.367

BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

30 ± 5.0

30.23 ± 4.96

29.47 ± 5.14

0.411

Ethnicity, n (%)

Hispanic/Latino

70 (56)

59 (64.1)

11 (33.3)

0.002

Caucasian

37 (29.6)

22 (23.9)

15 (45.5)

0.027

African American

7 (5.6)

5 (5.4)

2 (6.1)

0.59

Asian

4 (3.2)

2 (2.2)

2 (6.1)

0.28

Unknown

3 (2.4)

1(1.1)

2 (6.1)

0.17

Others

4 (3.2)

3 (3.3)

1 (3)

0.60

Comorbidities, n (%)

Diabetes Mellitus

54 (43.2)

17 (51.5)

37 (40.2)

0.261

Chronic Lung Disease

17 (13.6)

10 (11)

7 (21)

0.119

Cardiovascular Disease

29 (23.2)

18 (19.6)

11 (33.3)

0.108

Chronic Renal Disease

11 (8.8)

10 (10.9)

1 (3)

0.157

Chronic Liver Disease

1 (0.8)

1 (1.1)

0

0.736

Immunocompromised Condition

16 (12.8)

11 (12)

5 (15)

0.637

Neurologic disease

5 (4)

4 (4.3)

1 (3)

0.603

Others

25 (20)

23 (25)

2 (6.1)

0.020

Smoking status, n (%)

   

0.12

Current Smoker

4 (3.2)

4 (4.3)

0

 

Former Smoker

38 (30.4)

23 (25)

15 (45.5)

 

Never

73 (58.4)

57 (62)

16 (48.5)

 

Not available

10 (8)

8 (8.7)

2 (6)

 

SOFA score on admission, median (IQR)

3 (2–4.5)

3 (2–4.75)

3 (3–4.5)

0.70

Assigned to APP group, n (%)

101 (80.8)

88 (96)

13 (39)

 

SpO2/FiO2 ratio on enrollment, median (IQR)

143.8 (117.5–174.4)

135 (116.2–166.5)

155 (131.6–188.5)

0.052

Time from hospital admission to APP start (h), median (IQR)

27.48 (13.1–64.2)

18 (7.1–43.2)

60 (34.9–105)

<0.001

Time from HFNC start to APP (h), median (IQR)

8.58 (1.31–24.87)

2.25 (0.8–12.82)

36.35 (30.2–75.23)

<0.001

Total APP hours in the first three days, median (IQR)

13.08 (3.5–43.25)

16 (5.4–51.5)

5 (2.5–17.5)

0.004

APP hours/day, median (IQR)

4.45 (1.75–8.37)

5.07 (2–9.05)

3 (1.09–5.64)

0.006

HFNC duration (d), median (IQR)

6 (2.97–9.46)

5 (2.2–9)

6 (3.2–10.5)

0.18

Antiviral therapy, n (%)

84 (67.2)

65 (70.7)

19 (57.6)

0.12

Steroids use, n (%)

93 (74.4)

64 (69.6)

29 (87.9)

0.039

Time from HFNC start to steroid start (h), median (IQR)

− 12.48 (− 25.3 to 4.58)

− 14.47 (− 33 to 0)

− 8.57 (− 20.8 to 7. 93) 

0.19

Steroids type, n (%)

Dexamethasone

82 (65.6)

56 (60.9)

26 (78.8)

0.063

Hydrocortisone

18 (14.4)

13 (14.1)

5 (15.1)

0.54

Methylprednisone/Prednisone

15 (12)

10 (10.9)

5 (15.1)

0.35

  1. SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, IQR interquartile range, SpO2 saturation of pulse oximetry, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, HFNC High-Flow Nasal Cannula, APP Awake Prone Positioning
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Critical Care

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