Identification of distinct clinical phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome with differential responses to treatment

Table 3 Differences in response to fluid strategy by phenotype (FACTT cohort)

Fluid-management strategy	phenotype-I		phenotype-II		phenotype-III
Fluid-management strategy	Conservative (n = 200)	Liberal (n = 188)	Conservative (n = 164)	Liberal (n = 149)	Conservative (n = 137)	Liberal (n = 157)
60-day mortality	14.5%	19.2%	22.0%	32.2%	45.3%	36.3%
Ventilator-free days	16.8	14.2	14.3	11.6	10.6	9.4
ICU-free days	14.9	13.0	12.7	10.4	9.4	7.8

For test of interaction, 60-day mortality of phenotype-I versus II p = 0.61, phenotype-I versus III p = 0.05, phenotype-II versus III p = 0.01. Ventilator-free days (VFD) of phenotype-I versus II p = 0.39, phenotype-I versus III p = 0.27, phenotype-II versus III p = 0.08; ICU-free days (IFD) of phenotype-I versus II p = 0.15, phenotype-I versus III p = 0.29, phenotype-II versus III p = 0.83. VFD: number of days during the 28-day period where patients are both alive and free of mechanical ventilation. IFD: number of days during the 28-day period where patients are both alive and free of ICU care. FACTT, randomized controlled trials of liberal fluid therapy versus conservative fluid therapy; ICU, intensive care unit

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