Table 1 Demographic and prehospital characteristics of all patients and of propensity score matched pairs of severe trauma patients with and without tranexamic acid administered during the prehospital phase
All patients | Matched pairs | Standardized differences all/matched | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TXA n = 2399 | Control n = 13,253 | p | TXA n = 2275 | Control n = 2275 | p | ||
Age (years) | 47.4 (19.9) | 52.9 (21.0) | < .001 | 47.6 (19.9) | 47.5 (19.9) | .699 | 0.269/0.005 |
Male patients (n, %) | 1777 (74.1%) | 9478 (71.5%) | .010 | 1679 (73.8%) | 1688 (74.2%) | .761 | 0.058/0.009 |
Penetrating trauma (n, %) | 221 (9.2%) | 1275 (9.6%) | .531 | 217 (9.5%) | 224 (9.8%) | .726 | 0.014/0.010 |
ISS (points) | 33.0 (15.0) | 27.9 (12.8) | < .001 | 32.4 (14.7) | 32.0 (14.5) | .378 | 0.366/0.027 |
AISHEAD ≥ 3 (n, %) | 1236 (51.5%) | 6859 (51.8%) | .834 | 1161 (51.0%) | 1172 (51.5%) | .744 | 0.006/0.010 |
AISTHORAX ≥ 3 (n, %) | 1709 (71.2%) | 8897 (67.1%) | < .001 | 1606 (70.6%) | 1636 (71.9%) | .326 | 0.089/0.029 |
AISABDOMEN ≥ 3 (n, %) | 642 (26.8%) | 2627 (19.8%) | < .001 | 580 (25.5%) | 576 (25.3%) | .892 | 0.166/0.005 |
AISEXTREMITIES ≥ 3 (n, %) | 1346 (56.1%) | 5363 (40.5%) | < .001 | 1249 (54.9%) | 1225 (53.8%) | .475 | 0.316/0.022 |
Traffic accident (n, %) | 1630 (68.3%) | 6858 (52.1%) | < .001 | 1519 (67.1%) | 1484 (65.5%) | .262 | 0.336/0.034 |
High falls (n, %) | 405 (17.0%) | 2476 (18.8%) | .031 | 397 (17.5%) | 400 (17.7%) | .912 | 0.047/0.005 |
Multiple body regions injured (n, %) | 1948 (81.2%) | 9779 (73.8%) | < .001 | 1837 (80.7%) | 1831 (80.5%) | .822 | 0.178/0.005 |
BP at scene (mmHg) | 108 (40) | 118 (38) | < .001 | 110 (39) | 109 (39) | .955 | 0.256/0.026 |
Shock (BP ≤ 90 mmHg) (n, %) | 706 (32.7%) | 2500 (21.0%) | < .001 | 635 (31.0%) | 646 (31.4%) | .799 | 0.266/0.009 |
First GCS (points) | 12 (3–15) | 14 (8–15) | < .001 | 12 (3–15) | 11 (3–15) | .212 | 0.309/0.030 |
Unconscious (GCS ≤ 8) (n, %) | 959 (41.0%) | 3552 (28.1%) | < .001 | 888 (40.0%) | 911 (41.2%) | .415 | 0.274/0.024 |
Helicopter transportation (n, %) | 1408 (58.7%) | 3575 (27.0%) | < .001 | 1287 (56.6%) | 1266 (55.6%) | .530 | 0.676/0.020 |
Level 1 trauma center (n, %) | 2176 (90.7%) | 11,098 (83.7%) | < .001 | 2056 (90.4%) | 2044 (89.8%) | .551 | 0.211/0.020 |
Intubation (n, %) | 1660 (69.2%) | 5033 (38.0%) | < .001 | 1538 (67.6%) | 1594 (70.1%) | .073 | 0.659/0.054 |
Chest tube (n, %) | 453 (18.9%) | 655 (4.9%) | < .001 | 371 (16.3%) | 347 (15.3%) | .329 | 0.443/0.027 |
Catecholamines (n, %) | 844 (36.8%) | 2017 (15.2%) | < .001 | 777 (34.2%) | 739 (32.5%) | .232 | 0.508/0.036 |
Fluid administration (n, %) | 2207 (96.8%) | 11,188 (92.6%) | .001 | 2084 (96.7%) | 2088 (96.8%) | .731 | 0.188/0.006 |
Amount of i.v. fluids (ml) | 1000 (1000–2000) | 750 (500–1000) | < .001 | 1000 (900–1700) | 1000 (1000–1500) | .266 | 0.652/0.006 |
Prehospital time from accident to hospital (min) | 78 (29) | 69 (32) | < .001 | 77 (29) | 77 (32) | .242 | 0.295/0.003 |