Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of the study population
From: Increased time from physiological derangement to critical care admission associates with mortality
|  | All (n = 632) | Survived critical care (n = 529) | Died critical care (n = 103) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics and co-morbidity scores | ||||
Age* | 66.0 [54.0–76.0] | 65.0 [53.0–75.0] | 67.0 [56.0–78.0] | 0.107 |
Male gender* | 384 (60.8%) | 322 (60.9%) | 62 (60.2%) | 0.912 |
Charlson–Deyo co-morbidity index* | 10.0 [6.0–17.0] | 11.0 [6.0–18.0] | 10.0 [7.0–14.0] | 0.453 |
Frailty score* | 0.0 [0.0–2.8] | 1.0 [0.0–2.8] | 0.0 [0.0–2.8] | 0.04 |
Primary diagnosis group# | ||||
Respiratory | 160 (25.3%) | 138 (26.1%) | 22 (21.4%) | 0.386 |
Neoplasms | 95 (15.0%) | 72 (13.6%) | 23 (22.3%) | 0.034 |
Circulatory$ | 81 (12.8%) | 72 (13.6%) | 9 (8.7%) | 0.2 |
Infectious diseases^ | 80 (12.7%) | 64 (12.1%) | 16 (15.5%) | 0.333 |
Gastrointestinal | 67 (10.6%) | 60 (11.3%) | 7 (6.8%) | 0.22 |
Injury or poisoning | 32 (5.1%) | 24 (4.5%) | 8 (7.8%) | 0.215 |
Genitourinary& | 19 (3.0%) | 18 (3.4%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0.339 |
Musculoskeletal | 14 (2.2%) | 12 (2.3%) | 2 (1.9%) | 1.0 |
Endocrine and metabolic | 12 (1.9%) | 10 (1.9%) | 2 (1.9%) | 1.0 |
Other~ | 31 (4.9%) | 31 (5.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.005 |
Hospital admission characteristics | ||||
Elective admission* | 145 (22.9%) | 124 (23.4%) | 21 (20.4%) | 0.608 |
Emergency admission* | 450 (71.2%) | 373 (70.5%) | 77 (74.8%) | 0.408 |
Other admission* | 37 (5.9%) | 32 (6.0%) | 5 (4.9%) | 0.819 |
Sepsis during admission* | 225 (35.6%) | 191 (36.1%) | 34 (33.0%) | 0.576 |
Hospital length of stay (days) | 22.9 [12.4–41.3] | 25.1 [13.9–44.9] | 12.7 [6.7—25.9] |  < 0.001 |
Hospital mortality | 173 (27.4%) | 70 (13.2%) | 103 (100.0%) | – |
Score to door characteristics | ||||
Time from hospital admission to initial high NEWS (days)* | 3.3 [1.1–10.3] | 3.0 [1.0–8.8] | 5.4 [1.9–15.3] | 0.002 |
Initial high NEWS value* | 8.0 [7.0–9.0] | 8.0 [7.0–9.0] | 8.0 [7.0–9.5] | 0.438 |
Initial high NEWS occurred out of hours* | 342 (54.1%) | 285 (53.9%) | 57 (55.3%) | 0.829 |
Peri-arrest call prior to critical care admission* | 69 (10.9%) | 55 (10.4%) | 14 (13.6%) | 0.387 |
Initial high NEWS to critical care admission (hours) | 6.3 [3.8–10.2] | 6.2 [3.8–10.0] | 6.7 [3.9–12.2] | 0.297 |
Critical care characteristics | ||||
Day 1 SOFA score* | 5.0 [3.0–8.0] | 5.0 [3.0–7.0] | 7.0 [4.0–10.0] |  < 0.001 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 163 (25.8%) | 124 (23.4%) | 39 (37.9%) | 0.003 |
Non-invasive ventilation | 136 (21.5%) | 106 (20.0%) | 30 (29.1%) | 0.049 |
Invasive or non-invasive ventilation* | 270 (42.7%) | 212 (40.1%) | 58 (56.3%) | 0.003 |
Critical care length of stay (days) | 3.2 [1.7–6.6] | 3.3 [1.7–6.2] | 3.0 [1.4–8.9] | 0.936 |
Critical care mortality | 103 (16.3%) | – | – | – |