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Fig. 4 | Critical Care

Fig. 4

From: Effect of timing of intubation on clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized cohort studies

Fig. 4

All-cause mortality of patients with COVID-19 undergoing intubation without versus with a prior trial of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) or noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV). Pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. The authors of two [13, 19] of the studies included in this analysis considered a trial of NIV lasting less than 24 h as inconsequential

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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535