Table 2 Comparison of characteristics of MET calls and patients admitted to ICU
NPMET cohort | Propensity-matched cohort | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 1343) | NP led (n = 1070) | ICUR led (n = 273) | p value | Std. diff.e | NP led (n = 263) | ICUR led (n = 263) | Std. Diff.e | |
Timing | ||||||||
Out of hours (6 PM to 8 AM) | 477 (35.5) | 237 (22.1) | 240 (87.9) | < 0.0001 | 176.3 | 231 (87.8) | 231 (87.8) | 0 |
Weekend (Saturday/Sunday) | 342 (25.5) | 263 (24.6) | 79 (28.9) | 0.14 | 9.7 | 71 (27.0) | 75 (28.5) | 3.4 |
Trigger@ | ||||||||
Altered conscious state | 169/1322 (12.8) | 144/1056 (13.6) | 25/266 (9.4) | 0.06 | 13.2 | 28 (10.6) | 25 (9.5) | 3.6 |
Arrhythmia | 5/1322 (0.4) | 3/1056 (0.3) | 2/266 (0.8) | 0.3 | 6.5 | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) | 5 |
Heart rate < 40/min | 8/1322 (0.6) | 6/1056 (0.6) | 2/266 (0.8) | 0.7 | 2.3 | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) | 5 |
Heart rate > 130/min | 222/1322 (17) | 176/1056 (16.7) | 46/266 (17.3) | 0.8 | 1.6 | 57 (21.7) | 45 (17.1) | 11.7 |
Obstructed/threatened airway | 8/1322 (0.6) | 5/1056 (0.5) | 3/266 (1.1) | 0.2 | 7.1 | 1 (0.4) | 3 (1.1) | 8.4 |
Staff concern | 141/1322 (10.7) | 115/1056 (10.9) | 26/266 (9.8) | 0.6 | 3.6 | 30 (11.4) | 25 (9.5) | 6.2 |
Respiratory distress | 88/1322 (6.7) | 65/1056 (6.2) | 23/266 (8.6) | 0.2 | 9.2 | 18 (6.8) | 22 (8.4) | 6 |
Respiratory rate < 8/min | 4/1322 (0.3) | 4/1056 (0.4) | 0/266 | 0.6 | 8.7 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 |
Respiratory rate > 30 or 36/min | 52/1322 (3.9) | 45/1056 (4.3) | 7/266 (2.6) | 0.2 | 9.3 | 8 (3.0) | 7 (2.7) | 1.8 |
Oxygen saturation < 90% | 145/1322 (11) | 105/1056 (9.9) | 40/266 (15) | 0.02 | 15.5 | 25 (9.5) | 40 (15.2) | 17.3 |
SBPd < 90 mm Hg | 267/1322 (20.2) | 213/1056 (20.2) | 54/266 (20.3) | 1 | 0.2 | 44 (16.7) | 54 (20.5) | 9.8 |
SBPd > 180- or 200 mm Hg | 169/1322 (12.8) | 143/1056 (13.5) | 26/266 (9.8) | 0.1 | 11.6 | 40 (15.2) | 26 (9.9) | 16 |
Seizures | 37/1322 (2.8) | 27/1056 (2.6) | 10/266 (3.8) | 0.29 | 6.8 | 9 (3.4) | 10 (3.8) | 2.1 |
Urine output less than 50 ml/4 h | 7/1322 (0.5) | 5/1056 (0.5) | 2/266 (0.8) | 0.6 | 3.6 | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) | 5 |
Observations at onset of MET calla | ||||||||
Heart rate (n = 1067) | 100 (31.8) | 99 (30.7) | 105 (36) | 0.02 | 18.5 | 106 (32.2) | 105 (35.9) | 2.9 |
Respiratory rate (n = 738) | 23 (8.7) | 23 (8.8) | 24 (8.3) | 0.4 | 8.2 | 22.8 (8.8) | 23.7 (8.3) | 10.5 |
SBP (n = 1059) | 132 (42.3) | 132 (42) | 130 (44.1) | 0.5 | 4.6 | 137 (43) | 130 (44.5) | 16 |
Oxygen saturationb (n = 980) | 92 (8.4) | 93 (8.1) | 91 (9.5) | 0.002 | 23.9 | 92.3 (7.4) | 90.7 (9.6) | 18.7 |
GCSc (n = 46) | 14 (9–15) | 14 (9–15) | 14 (7–15) | 0.8 | 17.4 | 12.3 (4.5) | 12.4 (3.7) | 2.4 |
Hospital LOS prior to MET calld | 1.8 (0.6–4.1) | 1.8 (0.7–4.1) | 1.8 (0.6–4.4) | 0.8 | 3.0 | 3.1 (4.8) | 3.8 (5.6) | 13.5 |
Hospital LOS prior to MET call < 24 h | 483 (36) | 387 (36.2) | 96 (35.2) | 0.8 | 2.1 | (57.4) | (64.3) | 14.2 |
NFR documented prior to MET | 412 (30.7) | 321 (30.8) | 91 (33.5) | 0.3 | 7.3 | (27.8) | (33.1) | 11.5 |
Patients admitted to ICU within 24 h of MET call | ||||||||
APACHE II score | 16.8 (6.2) | 17.1 (6.2) | 16.1 (6.5) | 0.4 | 15.8 | 19.2 (7.6) | 16.4 (6.5) | 39.5 |
APACHE III score | 61.4 (22.3) | 61.5 (23) | 61.3 (21) | 1 | 0.1 | 64.3 (27.6) | 62.6 (20.7) | 7 |
ICU length of stay | 2.2 (1.2–3.5) | 2 (1.1–3.6) | 2.4 (1.3–3.4) | 0.9 | 6.1 | 2.8 (3.5) | 4.1 (6.9) | |
ICU mortality | 10 (8.1) | 7 (8.5) | 3 (7.3) | 0.8 | 4.4 | 2 (13.3) | 3 (7.7) | |