Baseline 1 (Vt = 6 mL/kg) | PLR (Vt = 6 mL/kg) | P PLR versus baseline 1 | Baseline 2 (Vt = 6 mL/kg) | Vt challenge (Vt = 8 mL/kg) | P Vt challenge versus baseline 2 | Baseline 3 (Vt = 6 mL/kg) | After VE (Vt = 6 mL/kg) | P After VE versus baseline 3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (beats/min) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 85 ± 18 | 77 ± 11 | 0.10 | 85 ± 17 | 88 ± 19 | 0.65 | 84 ± 17 | 90 ± 15 | 0.37 | |
Preload non-responders | 74 ± 18 | 74 ± 19 | 1.95 | 74 ± 18 | 75 ± 22 | 0.89 | ||||
SAP (mmHg) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 118 ± 17 | 124 ± 21 | 0.40 | 119 ± 17 | 116 ± 19 | 0.65 | 120 ± 17 | 129 ± 13 | 0.11 | |
Preload non-responders | 128 ± 16 | 126 ± 19 | 0.76 | 128 ± 16 | 130 ± 16 | 0.73 | ||||
MAP (mmHg) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 75 ± 12 | 79 ± 14 | 0.41 | 76 ± 12 | 75 ± 14 | 0.85 | 79 ± 13 | 83 ± 10 | 0.35 | |
Preload non-responders | 87 ± 12 | 86 ± 12 | 0.82 | 87 ± 12 | 85 ± 8 | 0.59 | ||||
DAP (mmHg) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 57 ± 10 | 59 ± 12 | 0.62 | 57 ± 11 | 59 ± 15 | 0.68 | 56 ± 11 | 58 ± 9 | 0.59 | |
Preload non-responders | 61 ± 10 | 60 ± 8 | 0.76 | 62 ± 9 | 69 ± 10 | 0.06 | ||||
CVP (mmHg) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 10 ± 3 | 11 ± 3 | < 0.01 | 9 ± 5 | 10 ± 5 | < 0.01 | 11 ± 3 | 12 ± 6 | < 0.01 | |
Preload non-responders | 10 ± 2 | 12 ± 3 | < 0.01 | 12 ± 4 | 11 ± 4 | < 0.01 | ||||
IAP (mmHg) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 8 ± 3 | 7 ± 4 | 0.04 | 8 ± 3 | 8 ± 3 | 1.00 | 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 1.00 | |
Preload non-responders | 7 ± 4 | 6 ± 3 | 0.06 | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 | 0.98 | ||||
CI (L/min/m2) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | < 0.01 | 3.0 ± 1.3 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | < 0.01 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | < 0.01 | |
Preload non-responders | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 0.78 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 0.39 | ||||
Pplat (cmH2O) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 22.2 ± 6.2 | 22.2 ± 6.2 | 1.00 | 22.2 ± 6.2 | 24.5 ± 5.4 | 0.01 | 22.3 ± 6.1 | 22.3 ± 6.1 | 1.00 | |
Preload non-responders | 22.9 ± 4.6 | 22.9 ± 4.6 | 1.00 | 22.9 ± 4.6 | 24.8 ± 5.2 | 0.01 | ||||
PEEP (cmH2O) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 10.7 ± 3.6 | 10.7 ± 3.6 | 1.00 | 10.7 ± 3.6 | 10.7 ± 3.6 | 1.00 | 10.7 ± 3.6 | 10.7 ± 3.6 | 1.00 | |
Preload non-responders | 10.4 ± 3.0 | 10.4 ± 3.0 | 1.00 | 10.4 ± 3.0 | 10.4 ± 3.0 | 1.00 | ||||
Driving pressure (cmH2O) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 11.5 ± 2.2 | 11.7 ± 2.3 | 0.90 | 11.5 ± 2.2 | 13.8 ± 1.9 | 0.03 | 11.5 ± 2.2 | 11.5 ± 2.2 | 1.00 | |
Preload non-responders | 12.3 ± 2.2 | 12.4 ± 2.2 | 0.95 | 12.3 ± 2.2 | 14.4 ± 2.4 | 0.01 | ||||
PPV (%) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 8 ± 3 | 5 ± 2 | < 0.01 | 8 ± 3 | 13 ± 4 | < 0.01 | 8 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | < 0.01 | |
Preload non-responders | 6 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.08 | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.84 | ||||
SVV (%) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 8 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | < 0.01 | 8 ± 2 | 12 ± 3 | < 0.01 | 8 ± 2 | 5 ± 2 | < 0.01 | |
Preload non-responders | 6 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.43 | 6 ± 3 | 5 ± 2 | 0.31 | ||||
IVCDV (%) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 9 ± 3 | 7 ± 2 | 0.01 | 10 ± 2 | 15 ± 3 | < 0.01 | 8 ± 2 | 6 ± 3 | 0.04 | |
Preload non-responders | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 2 | 0.22 | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.17 | ||||
IVC max diam (cm) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | < 0.01 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 0.26 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | < 0.01 | |
Preload non-responders | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 0.02 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 0.84 | ||||
VTI (cm) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 20 ± 4 | 24 ± 6 | 0.01 | 21 ± 5 | 18 ± 6 | 0.04 | 20 ± 4 | 25 ± 5 | < 0.01 | |
Preload non-responders | 21 ± 4 | 21 ± 4 | 0.89 | 21 ± 4 | 21 ± 4 | 0.89 | ||||
EVLW (mL/Kg) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 14 ± 7 | 14 ± 7 | 14 ± 6 | 13 ± 5 | 0.62 | |||||
Preload non-responders | 13 ± 4 | 13 ± 4 | ||||||||
PVPI | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 0.81 | |||||
Preload non-responders | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | ||||||||
GEDV (mL/m2) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 725 ± 142 | 645 ± 100 | 695 ± 124 | 794 ± 135 | 0.04 | |||||
Preload non-responders | 821 ± 125 | 820 ± 178 | ||||||||
CFI (−1) | ||||||||||
Preload responders | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 1.7 | 4.2 ± 1.6 | 4.2 ± 1.6 | 0.85 | |||||
Preload non-responders | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 4.2 ± 1.6 |