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Table 1 Admission demographic patient characteristics

From: Monitoring circulating dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) predicts improvement of organ failure and survival in sepsis: a prospective observational multinational study

Patient characteristics

All

Low cDPP3

High cDPP3

p value*

n

Epidemiological data

n = 581

n = 436

n = 145

  

cDPP3 at admission (ng/mL)

26.5 [16.2–40.4]

19.8 [14.5–28.9]

67.7 [48.7–120.7]

–

 

Age (year)

66 [55–75]

66 [56–76]

65 [53–75]

0.2498

 

Male (no. %)

363 (62.5)

277 (63.5)

86 (59.3)

0.4176

 

Body mass index (kg/m2)

25.7 [22.9–30.2]

25.5 [22.7–30.1]

26.1 [23.4–31.1]

0.1363

 

Septic shock at admission (yes)

292 (50.3)

201 (46.1)

91 (62.8)

0.0007

 

Origin of sepsis

   

0.0727

 

Lung

218 (37.5)

151 (34.6)

67 (46.2)

  

Blood stream

90 (15.5)

76 (17.4)

14 (9.7)

  

Urinary tract

62 (10.7)

43 (9.9)

19 (13.1)

  

Catheter

29 (5.0)

22 (5)

7 (4.8)

  

Peritonitis

30 (5.2)

23 (5.3)

7 (4.8)

  

Endocarditis

31 (5.3)

23 (5.3)

8 (5.5)

  

Other

121 (20.8)

98 (22.5)

23 (15.9)

  

Medical history**

     

Any cardiac comorbidity (yes)

398 (68.5)

300 (68.8)

98 (67.6)

0.8642

 

Chronic heart failure (yes)

59 (10.2)

38 (8.7)

21 (14.5)

0.0652

 

Hypertension (yes)

292 (50.3)

220 (50.5)

72 (49.7)

1.0000

 

Diabetes mellitus (yes)

159 (27.4)

122 (28)

37 (25.5)

0.6286

 

Any non-cardiac comorbidity (yes)

413 (71.1)

308 (70.6)

105 (72.4)

0.7627

 

Chronic renal disease (yes)

76 (13.1)

57 (13.1)

19 (13.1)

1.0000

 

Active/recent malignant tumors (yes)

124 (21.3)

96 (22)

28 (19.3)

0.6090

 

Smoking (active, yes)

116 (20)

88 (20.2)

28 (19.3)

0.9238

 

COPD (yes)

89 (15.3)

70 (16.1)

19 (13.1)

0.5267

 

Any chronic medication (yes)

370 (63.7)

281 (64.4)

89 (61.4)

0.5712

 

Immunosuppressive therapy (yes)

46 (7.9)

32 (7.3)

14 (9.7)

0.4733

 

Physiological values at admission

     

Mean blood pressure (mmHg)

75 [64–90]

75 [65–90]

76 [62–90]

0.7372

 

Heart rate (bpm)

104 [89–119]

101 [88–117]

108 [96–128]

0.0005

 

Fluid balance (mL)

1930 [600–3556]

1800 [570–3270]

2398 [805–4731]

0.0059

 

Urine output for 24 h (mL)

1000 [450–1900]

1130 [571–2000]

600 [202–1495]

 < 0.0001

 

PaO2/FiO2

228 [137–342]

237 [146–364]

191 [111–300]

0.0012

 

Laboratory values at admission

     

Lactate (mmol/L)

1.4 [1.0–2.2]

1.3 [0.9–2]

2.1 [1.2–3.48]

 < 0.0001

n = 560

Arterial pH

7.38 [7.30–7.44]

7.4 [7.32–7.45]

7.33 [7.24–7.41]

 < 0.0001

 

Bilirubin (µmol/L)

11 [6–19]

10 [6–18]

12 [7–22]

0.1141

 

Platelets (109/L)

190 [121–274]

190 [123–273.75]

190 [112–269]

0.7341

 

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.35 [0.86–2.24]

1.26 [0.81–2.05]

1.71 [1.04–2.9]

0.0001

 

BUN or urea (mg/dL)

61.3 [37.0–106.3]

58.3 [34.2–97]

72 [44–120.1]

0.0012

 

Hematocrit (%)

34 [29–38]

34 [29–38]

35 [30–39]

0.0395

 

White blood count (per mm3)

12,480 [7200–18560]

13,000 [7560–18600]

11,350 [6810–17040]

0.0958

 

Troponin T (ng/mL)

42 [18–152]

38 [17–129]

54 [25–234]

0.0786

n = 152

PCT (ng/mL)

11.4 [1.9–49.8]

9.1 [1.6–37.4]

16.3 [3.6–70.0]

0.0194

n = 330

NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

4382 [1525–11565]

3339 [1294–7643]

9589 [4863–20107]

0.0003

n = 117

Organ support at admission

     

Mechanical ventilation:

   

 < 0.0001

 

Invasive

217 (37.3)

134 (30.7)

83 (57.2)

  

Non-invasive

131 (22.5)

98 (22.5)

33 (22.8)

  

None

233 (40.1)

204 (46.8)

29 (20)

  

Renal replacement therapy

49 (8.4)

19 (4.4)

30 (20.7)

 < 0.0001

 

Vasopressors/inotropes at admission

347 (59.7)

246 (56.4)

101 (69.7)

0.0066

 

Organ dysfunction scores

     

SOFA (points)

7 [5–10]

7 [4–9]

9 [5–12]

 < 0.0001

n = 508

APACHE II (points)

15 [11–20]

15 [11–19]

18 [13–23]

 < 0.0001

 

Length of stay (days)

     

ICU

5 [2–10]

5 [2–8]

6 [2–15]

0.0487

 

Outcome

     

AKI within 7 days

359 (61.8)

189 (56.6)

113 (77.9)

 < 0.0001

 

28-day, deaths (%)

126 (21.7)

66 (15.1)

60 (41.4)

 < 0.0001

 

90-day, deaths (%)

165 (28.4)

94 (21.6)

71 (49)

 < 0.0001

 
  1. Comparisons were performed between patients with cDPP3 above (high cDPP3) and below (low cDPP3) 40.4 ng/mL (3rd quartile) upon admission. APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, BNP Brain-derived natriuretic peptide, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, CNS Central nervous system, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cDPP3 circulating Dipeptidyl peptidase 3, ICU Intensive care unit, NT-proBNP N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide, PaO2/ FiO2 Ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen, PCT Procalcitonin, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Among the n = 121 patients with origin of sepsis labelled as “other”, source of infection were: bile duct infection (n = 12), CNS (n = 4), skin and soft tissue (n = 10), gynaecologic (n = 2), “unknown” (n = 26), abdominal (n = 53), and other origins with less than 3 counts each (n = 14). *p Value from nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis or chi-square test, respectively. ** Most common comorbidities reported individually
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