Table 1 Patient characteristics of 60 followed-up after critial COVID-19 with kidney function three to six months after discharge. 50 patients (83%) did not progress, while 10 (17%) showed progression to a higher CKD stage. p indicates indicates probability of chance difference between patients without progression and patients with progression. Only severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the form of KDIGO stage 3 or dialysis, or duration of AKI in the form of acute kidney disease (AKD) were risk factors for CKD progression

Demographics

n = 60

n = 50

n = 10

 Age

60 ± 12

60 ± 13

59 ± 10

NS

 Women

17(28%)

15(30%)

2(20%)

NS

 BMI

30 ± 6

30 ± 6

29 ± 6

NS

Comorbidities

n (%)

 Lung disease

16(27%)

14(28%)

2(20%)

NS

 Hypertension

27(45%)

24(48%)

3(30%)

NS

 Heart failure

0

0

0

NS

 Ischemic heart disease

2(3%)

2(4%)

0

NS

 Vascular disease

4(6%)

3(6%)

1(10%)

NS

 Malignancy

2(3%)

1(2%)

1(10%)

NS

 Diabetes mellitus

12(20%)

11(22%)

1(10%)

NS

 Neurological disease

2(3%)

2(4%)

0

NS

 Psychiatric disease

3(5%)

3(6%)

0

NS

 Current smoker

3(5%)

2(4%)

1(10%)

NS

Kidney parameters

Mean ± SD or median (IQR) or n (%)

 CKD stage ≥ 3 at baseline

6(10%)

6(12%)

0

NS

 Baseline CKD stage

2(1–2)

2(2–2)

1(1–2)

NS

 Baseline creatinine

77 ± 24

79 ± 25

68 ± 18

NS

 Baseline eGFR

78 ± 13

76 ± 13

83 ± 11

NS

 Chronic dialysis at baseline

0

0

0

NS

 Discharge creatinine

94 ± 84

81 ± 54

162 ± 154

NS

 Discharge eGFR

75 ± 23

76 ± 20

65 ± 35

NS

Drugs at admission

n (%)

 Steroid treatment

5(8%)

5(10%)

0

NS

 ACEi/ARB

20(33%)

19(38%)

1(10%)

NS

 Anticoagulants

6(10%)

6(12%)

0

NS

ICU characteristics

n (%) or mean ± SD

 SAPS3 at arrival

51 ± 8

52 ± 8

49 ± 11

NS

 ICU Length of stay (days)

12 ± 9

12 ± 9

13 ± 12

NS

 Lowest PO₂/FiO₂ (kPa)

13 ± 6

12 ± 5

15 ± 12

NS

 Invasive ventilation (y/n)

27(45%)

23(46%)

4(40%)

NS

 Ventilator free days

24 ± 7

25 ± 7

24 ± 10

NS

 Mild ARDS

1(2%)

1(2%)

0

NS

 Moderate ARDS

2(3%)

2(4%)

0

NS

 Severe ARDS

28(47%)

23(46)

5(50%)

NS

 Vasopressor (y/n)

36(60%)

29(58%)

7(70%)

NS

 Vasopressor free days

26 ± 6

26 ± 6

25 ± 5

NS

 AKI (y/n)

33(55%)

26(52%)

7(70%)

NS

 Severe AKI (stage 3)

9(15%)

5(10%)

4(40%)

0.016

 Acute kidney disease (y/n)

14(23%)

5(10%)

9(90%)

0.019

 Dialysis in ICU (y/n)

6(10%)

3(6%)

3(30%)

0.02

 Dialysis free days

29 ± 3

29 ± 3

28 ± 3

NS

 Chronic dialysis at follow-up

1(1.7%)

0

1(10%)

NS