Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the training set

Age (years)

62.6 ± 15.4

62.7 ± 15.1

62.5 ± 15.6

Male (%)

60.7

57.5

63.0

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

81.0 ± 17.3

82.8 ± 16.4

79.7 ± 17.8

Heart rate (/min)

105.2 ± 25.4

99.6 ± 24.2

109.3 ± 25.5

Respiratory rate (/min)

24.0 ± 8.4

21.9 ± 7.1

25.5 ± 8.9

Body temperature (°C)

36.3 ± 1.6

36.4 ± 1.4

36.3 ± 1.7

White blood cells (× 10³/μL)

14.1 ± 20.1

14.1 ± 11.5

14.1 ± 24.6

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

9.8 ± 2.2

10.1 ± 2.1

9.6 ± 2.2

Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

50.3 ± 29.9

49.0 ± 29.7

51.3 ± 30.0

Creatinine (mg/dL)

2.7 ± 1.7

3.0 ± 2.0

2.5 ± 1.4

Albumin (g/dL)

2.8 ± 0.6

2.9 ± 0.6

2.6 ± 0.6

pH

7.3 ± 0.1

7.3 ± 0.1

7.3 ± 0.1

Sodium (mEq/L)

138.6 ± 8.1

138.3 ± 7.1

138.8 ± 8.8

Potassium (mEq/L)

4.3 ± 0.9

4.2 ± 0.8

4.4 ± 1.0

Target clearance (ml/min)

42.7 ± 14.1

41.8 ± 13.5

43.3 ± 14.5

Diabetes mellitus (%)

30.3

36.6

25.6

Hypertension (%)

27.8

29.7

26.3

Myocardial infarction (%)

8.5

10.1

7.3

Chronic heart failure (%)

15.2

17.7

13.3

Stroke (%)

12.9

15.5

11.0

Peripheral vascular disease (%)

7.8

9.1

6.8

Dementia (%)

5.2

6.9

4.0

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%)

3.9

2.6

4.9

Connective tissue disease (%)

1.4

1.5

1.3

Peptic ulcer disease (%)

2.5

2.2

2.7

Cancer (%)

36.8

34.1

38.9

Ischemic heart disease (%)

12.1

14.7

10.2

Chronic kidney disease (%)

29.7

41.4

11.4

Ventilator apply (%)

82.9

75.2

88.6

Atrial fibrillation (%)

12.3

16.4

9.4

APACHE II score

35.9 ± 10.3

33.7 ± 10.4

37.6 ± 9.9

SOFA score

12.0 ± 3.6

10.7 ± 3.4

13.0 ± 3.4

MOSAIC score

20.8 ± 10.6

16.4 ± 9.2

24.1 ± 10.4