Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients

Demographic profile (n = 46)

 Age (years) (Median: IQR)

60.5 (45.75–72)

 Gender: male/female (%, n)

69.6/30.4 (32/14)

 Patients with known sleep disorder (%, n)

28.3 (13)

 Weight (kg) (Median: IQR)

89 (74.75–97.25)

 Height (cm) (Median: IQR)

175.5 (170–181)

 BMI (kg/m²) (Median: IQR)

28.1 (23.83–30.9)

Clinical acuity (Median: IQR)

 APACHEII score

20.5 (14–25.75)

 Relative mortality risk

36.8 (18.65–55.97)

 SOFA score

13 (9–16)

RASS score (%, n)

 Lightly sedated (− 2)

0

 Drowsy (− 1)

26.1 (12)

 Calm and co-operative (0)

50 (23)

 Restless (+ 1)

17.4 (8)

 Agitated (+ 2)

4.3 (2)

 Very agitated (+ 3)

2.2 (1)

 Confusion assessment method: positive (%, n)

2.2 (1)

Admission classification (%, n)

 ICU/HDU

56.5/43.5 (26/20)

Reason for admission (%, n)

 Bacterial pneumonia

13 (6)

 Cardiovascular

19.6 (9)

 Respiratory failure

15.2(7)

 Multi-trauma

10.9 (5)

 Sepsis

15.2 (7)

 Cardiac arrest

4.3 (2)

 General surgical

13 (6)

 Other

8.8 (4)

Respiratory support (%, n)

 Nil

8.7 (4)

 Oxygen therapy

23.9 (11)

 Hi Flow Nasal Prongs

32.6 (15)

 Non-invasive ventilation

4.3 (2)

 Mechanical ventilation

30.4 (14)

 CRRT (%, n)

15.2 (7)

 IABP

6.5 (3)

Pharmacological agents (%, n)

 Benzodiazepine

10.9 (5)

 Opioids

52.2 (24)

 Melatonin

10.9 (5)

 Length of ICU stay: hours (Median: IQR)

152.5 (75–330.25)