Table 1 Background characteristics and clinical variables: survivors and nonsurvivors
Variables | All | Survivors | Nonsurvivors | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 152) | (n = 71) | (n = 81) | ||
Age (years) | 50.3 ± 16.4 | 46.0 ± 16.5 | 54.1 ± 15.4 | 0.002 |
Male (gender) | 103 (67.8%) | 48 (67.6%) | 55 (67.9%) | 0.969 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 5.3 | 26.0 ± 5.8 | 25.6 ± 4.7 | 0.631 |
ARDS etiologies | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Pulmonary cause | 118 (78%) | 59 (83%) | 59 (73%) | 0.130 |
 Extrapulmonary cause | 34 (22%) | 12 (17%) | 22 (27%) | 0.130 |
Diabetes mellitus | 40 (26%) | 23 (32%) | 17 (21%) | 0.111 |
Chronic liver disease | 21 (14%) | 6 (9%) | 15 (19%) | 0.073 |
Immunocompromised status | 40 (26%) | 11 (16%) | 29 (36%) | 0.005 |
SOFA score before ECMO | 10.8 ± 3.2 | 10.3 ± 3.1 | 11.3 ± 3.2 | 0.067 |
Lung injury score before ECMO | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 0.106 |
ARDS duration before ECMO (h) | 28 (7–122) | 10 (4–64) | 54 (17–195) | < 0.001 |
PaO2/FiO2 (mm Hg) before ECMO | 63 (52–88) | 64 (53–80) | 63 (52–107) | 0.168 |
Ventilator settings before ECMO | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 MP (J/min) | 23.8 ± 9.6 | 24.1 ± 10.3 | 23.5 ± 9.0 | 0.668 |
 MP/PBW (× 10−3 J/min/kg) | 416 ± 172 | 410 ± 174 | 423 ± 171 | 0.645 |
 MP/Compliance (J/min/ml/cm H2O) | 1.27 ± 0.76 | 1.21 ± 0.75 | 1.33 ± 0.78 | 0.380 |
 Tidal volume (ml/kg PBW) | 7.7 ± 2.4 | 7.7 ± 2.3 | 7.8 ± 2.5 | 0.658 |
 PEEP (cm H2O) | 12.0 ± 2.8 | 12.2 ± 2.5 | 11.8 ± 3.0 | 0.288 |
 Peak inspiratory pressure (cm H2O) | 33.9 ± 6.5 | 33.6 ± 6.0 | 34.2 ± 6.9 | 0.605 |
 Mean airway pressure (cm H2O) | 18.6 ± 4.4 | 18.4 ± 4.2 | 18.8 ± 4.6 | 0.588 |
 Dynamic compliance (ml/cm H2O) | 22.6 ± 11.3 | 23.7 ± 11.6 | 21.8 ± 11.1 | 0.420 |
 Total respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 24.0 ± 6.9 | 23.7 ± 7.4 | 24.3 ± 6.6 | 0.596 |
 Spontaneous respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 0 (0–7) | 1 (0–6) | 0 (0–7) | 0.982 |
 Minute ventilation (L/min) | 10.6 ± 3.8 | 10.7 ± 4.1 | 10.5 ± 3.6 | 0.816 |
SOFA score from day 1 to day 3 on ECMO | 9.6 ± 2.3 | 8.8 ± 1.9 | 10.4 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
PaO2/FiO2 (mm Hg) from day 1 to day 3 on ECMO | 178 (131–240) | 200 (146–247) | 165 (124–211) | 0.588 |
Ventilator settings from day 1 to day 3 on ECMO | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 MP (J/min) | 12.1 ± 6.2 | 10.9 ± 4.3 | 13.1 ± 7.4 | 0.022 |
 MP/PBW (× 10−3 J/min/kg) | 206 ± 111 | 185 ± 67 | 226 ± 137 | 0.022 |
 MP/Compliance (J/min/ml/cm H2O) | 0.73 ± 0.46 | 0.60 ± 0.32 | 0.86 ± 0.53 | < 0.001 |
 Tidal volume (ml/kg PBW) | 6.0 ± 2.2 | 6.1 ± 2.0 | 6.0 ± 2.4 | 0.914 |
 PEEP (cm H2O) | 12.0 ± 3.3 | 12.3 ± 3.2 | 11.7 ± 3.3 | 0.202 |
 Peak inspiratory pressure (cm H2O) | 31.7 ± 5.6 | 30.6 ± 5.1 | 32.8 ± 5.9 | 0.018 |
 Mean airway pressure (cm H2O) | 17.7 ± 4.0 | 17.4 ± 3.6 | 17.9 ± 4.3 | 0.406 |
 Dynamic compliance (ml/cm H2O) | 19.2 ± 8.1 | 21.1 ± 7.7 | 17.4 ± 8.1 | 0.006 |
 Total respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 16.0 ± 4.4 | 15.2 ± 4.1 | 16.7 ± 4.6 | 0.035 |
 Spontaneous respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 1 (0–4) | 0 (0–4) | 2 (0–5) | 0.114 |
 Minute ventilation (L/min) | 5.7 ± 2.8 | 5.2 ± 2.0 | 6.0 ± 3.2 | 0.068 |