Fig. 3

HLA-DR⁺ monocytes and T CD8 + PD-1⁺ lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood of patients with pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (n = 70) and controls (n = 7). Expression of monocytic HLA-DR was quantified in percentage of positive cells (a) or in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI, b); by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, there was a significant effect of group (ARDS vs controls, p < 0.0001) and of sample compartment (BAL fluid vs blood, p < 0.0001), with significant interaction (group x compartment, p < 0.0001 in percentage and p = 0.0011 in MFI), on the expression of monocyte HLA-DR. Expression of PD-1 on CD8⁺ lymphocytes was quantified in percentage of positive cells (c) or in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI, d). By two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, there was a significant effect of group (ARDS vs controls, p < 0.001) and of sample compartment (BAL fluid vs blood, p < 0.001), without significant interaction (group × compartment, p = 0.549), when expressed in percentage of positive cells (c). When results were expressed in MFI (d), there was no significant effect of group (ARDS vs control patients, p = 0.252), or of sample compartment (BAL fluid vs blood, p = 0.404), without significant interaction (group × compartment, p = 0.488). Displayed p values come from post hoc comparisons performed using the Sidak’s test. Horizontal bars represent median values