Table 2 Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 Patients on admission according to the presence of adverse events

Demographic data

Age, year

55 [40 ~ 65]

52 [38 ~ 61]

71 [63 ~ 79]

 < 0.001

Male, n (%)

141 (50.4)

121 (49.8)

20 (54.1)

0.725

BMI, Kg/m [2]

23.11 ± 3.31

23.21 ± 3.27

21.31 ± 2.96

0.129

Temperature, ℃

38.4 [37.8 ~ 38.9]

38.1 [37.8 ~ 38.8]

38.6 [38.0 ~ 39.0]

0.113

Respiratory rate, min⁻¹

20 [19 ~ 20]

20 [18 ~ 20]

20 [20 ~ 23]

0.001

SaO2 (%)

98 [97 ~ 99]

99 [98 ~ 99]

97 [95 ~ 99]

 < 0.001

Comorbidities, n (%)

85 (30.4)

55 (22.6)

25 (67.6)

 < 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

58 (20.7)

42 (17.3)

16 (43.2)

0.001

Diabetes, n (%)

27 (9.6)

14 (5.8)

13 (35.1)

 < 0.001

Chronic cardiovascular disease, n (%)

24 (8.6)

11 (4.5)

13 (35.1)

 < 0.001

Chronic liver diseases, n (%)

11 (3.9)

8 (3.3)

3 (8.1)

0.166

Malignancy, n (%)

13 (4.6)

6 (2.5)

7 (18.9)

 < 0.001

Laboratory results

Lymphocytes %

24.29 ± 10.88

26.92 ± 9.38

13.91 ± 10.24

 < 0.001

CRP, mg/L

6.30 [2.00 ~ 40.13]

5.44 [1.48 ~ 27.40]

28.2 [4.2 ~ 85.3]

0.002

D-dimer, ug/L

0.99 [0.37 ~ 3.70]

0.43 [0.26 ~ 1.21]

2.60 [1.06 ~ 7.73]

 < 0.001

hs-TnI, ng/L

2.6 [1.4 ~ 2.6]

1.8 [0.9 ~ 4.7]

22.0 [8.6 ~ 197.2]

 < 0.001

CK-MB, U/L

0.5 [0.3 ~ 6.0]

0.4 [0.3 ~ 0.6]

9.0 [3.8 ~ 30.5]

 < 0.001

PaO₂:FiO₂, mmHg

 > 300

246 (87.9)

242 (99.6)

4 (10.8)

 < 0.001

 200–300

22 (7.9)

1 (0.4)

21 (56.8)

 < 0.001

  < 200

12 (4.3)

0 (0.0)

12 (32.4)

 < 0.001

Treatments

Antiviral therapy, n (%)

82 (29.3)

58 (23.9)

24 (64.9)

 < 0.001

Antibiotic therapy, n (%)

78 (27.9)

54 (22.2)

24 (64.9)

 < 0.001

Glucocorticoid therapy, n (%)

22 (7.9)

10 (4.1)

12 (32.4)

 < 0.001

High-flow oxygen, n (%)

47 (16.8)

11 (4.5)

36 (97.3)

 < 0.001

Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%)

17 (6.1)

0 (0.0)

17 (45.9)

 < 0.001

ICU admission, n (%)

17 (6.1)

0 (0.0)

17 (45.9)

 < 0.001