Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with COVID-19 according to LUS score

Demographic data

Age, year

55 [40 ~ 65]

46 [34 ~ 57]

59 [48 ~ 68]

69 [60 ~ 76]

 < 0.001

Male, n (%)

141 (50.4)

73 (47.7)

37 (52.9)

31 (54.4)

0.632

BMI, Kg/m [2]

23.11 ± 3.31

23.24 ± 3.27

23.29 ± 3.08

23.16 ± 3.27

0.957

Temperature, ℃

38.4 [37.8 ~ 38.9]

38.0 [37.8 ~ 38.8]

38.4 [37.8 ~ 38.7]

38.6 [38.0 ~ 39.0]

0.042

Respiratory rate, min⁻¹

20 [19 ~ 20]

20 [18 ~ 20]

20 [18.5 ~ 20]

20 [19 ~ 21]

0.207

SaO2 (%)

98 [97 ~ 99]

99 [98 ~ 99]

99 [98 ~ 99]

98 [95 ~ 99]

0.014

Comorbidities, n (%)

85 (30.4)

25 (16.3)

21 (30.0)

39 (68.4)

 < 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

58 (20.7)

16 (10.5)

15 (21.4)

27 (47.4)

 < 0.001

Diabetes, n (%)

27 (9.6)

4 (2.6)

6 (8.6)

17 (29.8)

 < 0.001

Chronic cardiovascular disease, n (%)

24 (8.6)

6 (3.9)

0 (0.0)

18 (31.6)

 < 0.001

Chronic liver diseases, n (%)

11 (3.9)

4 (2.6)

2 (2.9)

5 (8.8)

0.161

Malignancy, n (%)

13 (4.6)

2 (1.3)

2 (2.9)

9 (15.8)

 < 0.001

Laboratory results

Lymphocytes %

24.29 ± 10.88

29.18 ± 8.43

27.55 ± 8.79

14.60 ± 9.32

 < 0.001

CRP, mg/L

6.30 [2.00 ~ 40.13]

2.49 [0.81 ~ 8.49]

3.40 [1.47 ~ 10.69]

27.43 [4.18 ~ 66.41]

 < 0.001

D-dimer, ug/L

0.99 [0.37 ~ 3.70]

0.27 [0.20 ~ 0.94]

0.34 [0.25 ~ 1.20]

1.65 [0.85 ~ 6.52]

 < 0.001

hs-TnI, ng/L

2.6 [1.4 ~ 2.6]

2.2 [1.4 ~ 2.8]

1.7 [0.9 ~ 5.3]

18.3 [2.5 ~ 113.2]

0.001

CK-MB, U/L

0.5 [0.3 ~ 6.0]

0.4 [0.3 ~ 0.6]

0.4 [0.3 ~ 0.8]

7.0 [0.4 ~ 13.5]

0.001

PaO₂:FiO₂, mmHg

 > 300

246 (87.9)

153 (100.0)

68 (97.1)

25 (43.9)

 < 0.001

 200–300

22 (7.9)

0 (0.0)

2 (2.9)

20 (35.1)

 < 0.001

  ≤ 200

12 (4.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

12 (21.1)

 < 0.001

Treatments

Antiviral therapy, n (%)

82 (29.3)

19 (12.4)

28 (40.0)

35 (61.4)

 < 0.001

Antibiotic therapy, n (%)

78 (27.9)

18 (11.8)

26 (37.1)

34 (59.6)

 < 0.001

Glucocorticoid therapy, n (%)

22 (7.9)

3 (2.0)

3 (4.3)

16 (28.1)

 < 0.001

High-flow oxygen, n (%)

47 (16.8)

2 (1.3)

3 (4.3)

42 (73.7)

 < 0.001

Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%)

17 (6.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

17 (29.8)

 < 0.001

ICU admission, n (%)

17 (6.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

17 (29.8)

 < 0.001

Complications

Respiratory failure, n (%)

49 (17.5)

2 (1.3)

3 (4.3)

44 (77.2)

 < 0.001

ARDS, n (%)

37 (13.2)

1 (0.7)

2 (2.9)

34 (59.6)

 < 0.001

Sepsis, n (%)

14 (5.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

14 (24.6)

 < 0.001

Acute heart injury, n (%)

40 (14.3)

9 (5.9)

11 (15.7)

20 (35.1)

 < 0.001

Acute kidney injury, n (%)

26 (9.3)

0 (0.0)

6 (8.6)

20 (35.1)

 < 0.001

Prognosis

Discharge, n (%)

267 (95.4)

153 (100.0)

70 (100.0)

44 (77.2)

 < 0.001

Death, n (%)

13 (4.6)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

13 (22.8)

 < 0.001