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Fig. 2 | Critical Care

Fig. 2

From: Breath-synchronized electrical stimulation of the expiratory muscles in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomized controlled feasibility study and pooled analysis

Fig. 2

Systemic inflammatory markers obtained at study enrollment (baseline, D0) and on the third treatment day (D3). a Holland study (N = active/sham; 9/9), b pooled analysis (N = 17/19). Measured cytokines included tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (RA), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. Levels of IL-1β were for 96% of the samples below the limit of quantitation and are therefore not presented. Data are presented as medians with interquartile ranges. Due to the large between-subject variability in inflammatory markers, data are presented on a logarithmic scale. Log-transformed data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance with factors of time (D0, D3) and group. P values represent the interaction effect of group × time

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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535