Table 1 Patient characteristics and outcomes
From: CXCL10 could drive longer duration of mechanical ventilation during COVID-19 ARDS
| Â | Study groups | p value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Control group, n = 7 | Non-COVID-19 ARDS, n = 7 | COVID-19 ARDS, n = 14 | ||
Age (years), median [IQR] | 50 [32–54] | 54 [43–64] | 67 [63–70] | 0.085 |
Male sex, n (%) | 5 (71) | 6 (85) | 11 (78) | 0.712 |
BMI, median [IQR] | 26.6 [25.7–32.6] | 30.1 [27.1–32.2] | 28.2 [25.9–30.5] | 0.576 |
Medical history | ||||
 Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 0 | 1 (14) | 1 (7) | 1.000 |
 Pulmonary disease, n (%) | 1 (14) | 1 (14) | 4 (29) | 0.624 |
 Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 1 (14) | 1 (14) | 1 (7) | 1.000 |
 Malignancy, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (14) | 0.533 |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1 (14) | 0 | 3 (21) | 0.521 |
 Charlson score, n (%) | 0 [0–0.5] | 0 [0–1.5] | 0 [0–1.8] | 0.935 |
 Chronic alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0 | 2 (29) | 0 | 0.100 |
 Tobacco use, n (%) | 5 (71) | 3 (43) | 6 (43) | 1.000 |
Baseline characteristics | ||||
 Septic shock, n (%) |  | 4 (57) | 2 (14) | 0.120 |
 SAPS II score, median [IQR] |  | 33 [21.0–44.5] | 26.5 [21–32] | 0.349 |
 SOFA score, median [IQR] |  | 6 [5.5–11] | 4 [4–5] | 0.045 |
 Tidal volume (mL/kg of predicted body weight), median [IQR] |  | 6.2 [5.8–6.7] | 5.7 [5.5–6.1] | 0.360 |
 PEEP (cm of water), median [IQR] |  | 10 [10–12] | 12 [10–13.5] | 0.262 |
 Plateau pressure (cm of water), median [IQR] |  | 24 [22–25.5] | 22 [20–24] | 0.162 |
 Driving pressure (cm of water), median [IQR] |  | 12 [10.5–17.5] | 11.5 [8.3–12] | 0.162 |
 Respiratory system compliance (mL/cm of water), median [IQR] |  | 35.3 [29.1–43.3] | 35.7 [31.6–50] | 0.576 |
 PaO2:FiO2 (mmHg), median [IQR] |  | 68.5 [60.9–90.7] | 88.4 [79.2–116.6] | 0.067 |
 Arterial pH, median [IQR] |  | 7.29 [7.29–7.47] | 7.46 [7.37–7.49] | 0.245 |
 PaCO2 (mmHg), median [IQR] |  | 39.5 [38.1–43.7] | 35.1 [33.3–40.8] | 0.287 |
 Lactate level (mmol/L), median [IQR] |  | 1.8 [1.6–3.3] | 1.4 [1.1–1.7] | 0.079 |
 C-reactive protein (mg/L), median [IQR] | 3 [3–5] | 274 [97–347] | 155 [118–224] | 0.550 |
 Procalcitonin (μg/L), median [IQR] |  | 21.6 [3.8–38.7] | 0.3 [0.2–0.5] | 0.167 |
 ASAT (IU/L), median [IQR] |  | 47 [43–157] | 52 [34–100] | 0.799 |
 Serum creatinine (μmol/L), median [IQR] |  | 73 [61–137] | 65 [54–81] | 0.247 |
 Neutrophils (/mm3), median [IQR] | 4330 [3738–5260] | 10,900 [7705–18,120] | 5960 [3960–10,515] | 0.094 |
 Lymphocytes (/mm3), median [IQR] | 2350 [1595–5010] | 900 [255–1270] | 825 [648–1023] | 0.913 |
 Monocytes (/mm3), median [IQR] | 525 [440–760] | 410 [275–795] | 420 [220–633] | 0.455 |
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid | ||||
 Alveolar cells (/mm3), median [IQR] | 361 [343–889] | 2430 [1072–7740] | 1426 [879–3029] | 0.255 |
Treatments | ||||
 Antibiotic multitherapy, n (%) |  | 6 (86) | 3 (21) | 0.016 |
 Hydrocortisone, n (%) |  | 4 (57) | 5 (36) | 0.397 |
 Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) |  | 0 | 4 (29) | 0.255 |
 Remdesivir, n (%) |  | 0 | 1 (7) | 1.000 |
 High-flow nasal oxygen, n (%) |  | 5 (71) | 5 (36) | 0.183 |
 Non-invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) |  | 3 (43) | 1 (7) | 0.088 |
 Prone positioning, n (%) |  | 6 (86) | 8 (57) | 0.337 |
 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, n (%) |  | 2 (29) | 0 | 0.100 |
 Extrarenal purification, n (%) |  | 2 (29) | 0 | 0.100 |
 Vasopressors, n (%) |  | 5 (71) | 9 (64) | 1.000 |
Outcomes at 30 days | ||||
 Ventilatory acquired pneumonia (VAP), n (%) |  | 0 | 10 (71) | 0.004 |
 Antibiotic-free days, median [IQR] |  | 14 [5.5–17] | 13 [5.5–17] | 0.911 |
 Thrombo-embolic disease, n (%) |  | 1 (14) | 6 (43) | 0.337 |
 Intensive care unit-free days, median [IQR] |  | 10 [0–15.5] | 0 [0–12.3] | 0.493 |
 Ventilator-free days, median [IQR] |  | 18 [17–21] | 8 [0–15] | 0.034 |
 Hospital-free days, median [IQR] |  | 0 [0–9.5] | 0 [0–3] | 0.450 |
 30-day mortality, n (%) |  | 1 (14) | 3 (21) | 1.000 |