Fig. 2
From: CXCL10 could drive longer duration of mechanical ventilation during COVID-19 ARDS
Boxplot graph depicting epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentration of cytokines. Epithelial lining fluid concentration of the 16 main cytokines was measured in COVID-19 ARDS (n = 14), non-COVID-19 ARDS (n = 7), and control patients (n = 7). A trend toward higher ELF concentrations of CXCL1 (p = 0.29), CXCL10 (p = 0.29), granzyme B (p = 0.11), TRAIL (p = 0.09), and EGF (p = 0.09) is observed in COVID-19 patients. We also observed significantly lower ELF concentrations of IL-2 (p = 0.001), G-CSF (p = 0.046), and IL-17A (p = 0.037) and a trend toward lower concentrations of CCL3 (p = 0.08), CCL4 (p = 0.08), CCL20 (p = 0.17), IL-6 (p = 0.11), INF-γ (p = 0.06), and TNF-α (p = 0.11). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 ARDS patients (Pneumochondrie study, 2019–2020)