. | Baseline before challenge | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 h | 1 h | 2 h | 3 h | 4 h | 5 h | 6 h | |
Inflammation | |||||||
Leucocyte count (109 × L−1), p all groups < 0.001; p cefur vs live NS; p cefur vs heat < 0.001; p cefur vs comb < 0.001 | |||||||
Cefuroxime | 12.0 ± 2.9 | 3.7 ± 2.1 | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 4.7 ± 2.5 | 5.3 ± 2.4 | 6.7 ± 2.1 |
Live bacteria | 10.6 ± 6.3 | 5.3 ± 2.0 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 4.3 | 6.2 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 1.1 |
Heat | 9.2 ± 3.0 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 7.2 ± 1.7 | 10.5 ± 2.4 |
Cefuroxime + tobramycin | 12.1 ± 3.6 | 6.9 ± 1.9 | 12.5 ± 4.2 | 12.4 ± 3.2 | 11.6 ± 2.2 | 11.1 ± 2.0 | 12.8 ± 2.5 |
Hemoglobin (g × L−1), p all groups 0.016; p cefur vs live NS; p cefur vs heat NS; p cefur vs comb < 0.01 | |||||||
Cefuroxime | 74 ± 5 | 94 ± 9 | 100 ± 7 | 105 ± 12 | 106 ± 10 | 110 ± 14 | 109 ± 13 |
Live bacteria | 72 ± 3 | 82 ± 11 | 87 ± 14 | 95 ± 18 | 99 ± 13 | 95 ± 10 | 93 ± 7 |
Heat | 78 ± 8 | 96 ± 4 | 105 ± 6 | 108 ± 1 | 108 ± 6 | 104 ± 9 | 99 ± 5 |
Cefuroxime + tobramycin | 73 ± 4 | 83 ± 5 | 84 ± 7 | 93 ± 10 | 93 ± 11 | 89 ± 9 | 86 ± 8 |
Circulation | |||||||
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg), p all groups NS | |||||||
Cefuroxime | 95 ± 11 | 83 ± 13 | 86 ± 19 | 80 ± 23 | 80 ± 24 | 82 ± 20 | 67 ± 20 |
Live bacteria | 96 ± 11 | 78 ± 15 | 87 ± 11 | 88 ± 7 | 87 ± 10 | 88 ± 17 | 84 ± 18 |
Heat | 93 ± 13 | 92 ± 11 | 95 ± 21 | 82 ± 21 | 85 ± 23 | 75 ± 14 | 73 ± 10 |
Cefuroxime + tobramycin | 100 ± 9 | 100 ± 6 | 104 ± 6 | 113 ± 5 | 113 ± 9 | 104 ± 15 | 92 ± 18 |
LVSWI (g × m × m−2), p all groups NS | |||||||
Cefuroxime | 53 ± 1 | 31 ± 12 | 30 ± 17 | 20 ± 12 | 19 ± 10 | 19 ± 9 | 14 ± 8 |
Live bacteria | 56 ± 5 | 33 ± 8 | 34 ± 4 | 29 ± 7 | 26 ± 8 | 26 ± 6 | 25 ± 5 |
Heat | 57 ± 15 | 42 ± 5 | 34 ± 13 | 20 ± 10 | 24 ± 13 | 23 ± 7 | 21 ± 6 |
Cefuroxime + tobramycin | 59 ± 13 | 46 ± 15 | 40 ± 12 | 38 ± 12 | 43 ± 7 | 40 ± 7 | 35 ± 7 |
Plasma lactate (mmol × L−1), p all groups NS | |||||||
Cefuroxime | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 2.2 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1.4 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.5 |
Live bacteria | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
Heat | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 0.9 |
Cefuroxime + tobramycin | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
Organ function | |||||||
Platelet count (109 × L−1), p all groups NS | |||||||
Cefuroxime | 343 ± 117 | 366 ± 147 | 345 ± 135 | 258 ± 125 | 217 ± 165 | 237 ± 145 | 248 ± 152 |
Live bacteria | 314 ± 68 | 365 ± 57 | 360 ± 78 | 289 ± 85 | 304 ± 104 | 288 ± 97 | 279 ± 99 |
Heat | 259 ± 56 | 281 ± 35 | 212 ± 25 | 162 ± 38 | 194 ± 35 | 208 ± 26 | 218 ± 28 |
Cefuroxime + tobramycin | 286 ± 53 | 315 ± 48 | 300 ± 67 | 280 ± 59 | 283 ± 53 | 286 ± 53 | 282 ± 64 |
PaO2/FiO2 (kPa), p all groups NS | |||||||
Cefuroxime | 59 ± 10 | 47 ± 13 | 38 ± 16 | 25 ± 3 | 34 ± 16 | 38 ± 18 | 35 ± 16 |
Live bacteria | 58 ± 10 | 53 ± 18 | 45 ± 14 | 32 ± 23 | 31 ± 24 | 36 ± 19 | 34 ± 18 |
Heat | 60 ± 4 | 54 ± 12 | 37 ± 15 | 32 ± 17 | 32 ± 14 | 32 ± 9 | 32 ± 8 |
Cefuroxime + tobramycin | 60 ± 9 | 58 ± 10 | 53 ± 10 | 45 ± 13 | 36 ± 14 | 36 ± 6 | 34 ± 6 |
Static pulmonary compliance (mL × cmH2O−1), p all groups NS | |||||||
Cefuroxime | 24 ± 7 | 20 ± 5 | 19 ± 7 | 15 ± 3 | 15 ± 5 | 17 ± 4 | 16 ± 3 |
Live bacteria | 25 ± 5 | 20 ± 4 | 18 ± 5 | 16 ± 5 | 16 ± 5 | 16 ± 5 | 16 ± 3 |
Heat | 21 ± 3 | 18 ± 3 | 15 ± 4 | 15 ± 1 | 16 ± 1 | 16 ± 1 | 16 ± 1 |
Cefuroxime + tobramycin | 23 ± 2 | 21 ± 2 | 21 ± 2 | 19 ± 2 | 19 ± 1 | 18 ± 1 | 18 ± 1 |
Plasma creatinine (μmol × L−1) p KW all groups 3 h NS; p KW all groups 6 h NS | |||||||
Cefuroxime | 85 (71–90) | 78 (68–88) | 76 (65–83) | 77 (62–90) | 91 (58–112) | 101 (59–138) | 120 (60–159) |
Live bacteria | 66 (61–121) | 64 (61–119) | 63 (59–117) | 64 (58–110) | 66 (60–104) | 73 (63–91) | 79 (68–90) |
Heat | 67 (60–70) | 67 (61–69) | 62 (59–67) | 69 (64–74) | 75 (65–92) | 81 (69–95) | 88 (74–95) |
Cefuroxime + tobramycin | 77 (65–84) | 76 (63–81) | 74 (62–79) | 72 (61–78) | 72 (64–83) | 77 (69–85) | 79 (60–88) |
Urine output (ml × h−1) p KW all groups 3 h NS; p KW all groups 6 h NS | |||||||
Cefuroxime | 55 (44–600) | 160 (65–480) | 84 (65–95) | 59 (11–160) | 28 (6–60) | 16 (10–33) | 16 (0–35) |
Live bacteria | 110 (16–120) | 310 (70–490) | 65 (45–150) | 70 (33–80) | 46 (25–70) | 35 (17–65) | 27 (5–38) |
Heat | 99 (53–216) | 260 (95–500) | 183 (60–280) | 140 (17–280) | 70 (1–190) | 67 (0–280) | 40 (0–1) |
Cefuroxime + tobramycin | 43 (16–88) | 145 (75–180) | 98 (55–210) | 78 (70–85) | 80 (70–180) | 62 (22–95) | 83 (70–240) |