Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics, clinical data, PK/PD indices, and clinical outcomes of all patients included and between PDT attainment and non-attainment groups

 Age (years)

63 (56–70)

65.0 (58.5–73.0)

60.5 (51.0–66.0)

 Sex (male/female)

91/56

51/42

40/14

 Length (cm)

172.2 (10.7)

169.7 (10.1)

176.6 (10.3)

 Weight (kg)

77 (70–90)

75 (68–90)

80 (70–90)

 BMI

26.1 (22.9–29.3)

26.9 (23.9–29.6)

25.3 (22.2–28.1)

 Concomitant antibiotics

  No

54 (36.7%)

28 (30.1%)

26 (48.1%)

  Yes^b

93 (63.3%)

65 (69.9%)

28 (51.9%)

 SOFA

11.0 [7.0–15.0]

  0–6

28 (19.0%)

15 (16.3%)

13 (24.1%)

  7–9

32 (21.8%)

18 (19.6%)

14 (25.9%)

  10–14

38 (25.9%)

24 (26.1%)

14 (25.9%)

  15

48 (32.7%)

35 (38.0%)

13 (24.1%)

 APACHE II

23 [18–27]

  0–9

5 (3.4%)

3 (3.3%)

2 (3.7%)

  10–19

39 (26.7%)

20 (21.7%)

19 (35.2%)

  20–29

85 (58.2%)

55 (59.8%)

30 (55.6%)

  ≥ 30

17 (11.6%)

14 (15.2%)

3 (5.6%)

 Albumin (g/L)

26.3 (7.3)

24.9 (7.0)

28.5 (7.3)

 Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

102 [67–155]

124.0 [79.5–182.5]

79.5 [56.8–106.3]

 Temperature (°C)

36.9 [36.1–37.4]

36.7 [36.0–37.3]

37.0 [36.3–37.6]

 WBC (× 10⁹/L)

13.2 [8.7–18.2]

11.7 [7.3–17.8]

15.8 [10.7–20.2]

 CRP (mg/L)

111 [35–226]

120 [46–242]

91 [15–175]

 Serum urea (mmol/L)

8.9 [6.1–16.5]

12.4 [7.1–19.2]

6.6 [4.8–9.3]

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

  < 30

29 (19.7%)

25 (26.9%)

4 (7.4%)

  30–50

31 (21.1%)

28 (30.1%)

3 (5.6%)

  50–90

41 (27.9%)

19 (20.4%)

22 (40.7%)

  > 90

46 (31.3%)

21 (22.6%)

25 (46.3%)

 CRRT

  No

119 (81%)

71 (76.3%)

48 (88.9%)

  Yes

28 (19%)

22 (23.7%)

6 (12.1%)

 %ƒT > MIC_ECOFF

84.2%

 %ƒT > 4×MIC_ECOFF

51.7%

 ICU LOS (days)

9 [4–15]

11 [6–20]

5 [3–12.8]

 30-day mortality

29 (19.7%)

22 (24.2%)

7 (13.2%)