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Table 5 Comparative effectiveness of OCCPR, compared to CCCPR, for survival to hospital discharge evaluated by the logistic regression analysis, instrumental variable analysis, and propensity score matching analysis

From: Open-chest versus closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in trauma patients with signs of life upon hospital arrival: a retrospective multicenter study

Models

Number of survivors

Adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]

p value

OCCPR

CCCPR

Logistic regression analysis

157/1032 (15.2%)

293/1650 (11.7%)

1.99 [1.42–2.79]

< 0.001

Instrumental variable analysis

157/1032 (15.2%)

293/1650 (11.7%)

1.16 [1.02–1.31]

0.021

Propensity score matching analysis

89/531 (16.8%)

58/531 (10.9%)

1.66 [1.13–2.42]

0.009

  1. Abbreviations: OCCPR open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CCCPR closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation