Table 2 Pre-ECMO characteristics, ventilator/ECMO settings, and outcomes
From: Prone positioning under VV-ECMO in SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
All patients (n = 25) | Prone ECMO (n = 14) | Supine ECMO (n = 11) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 59 (49.5–63) | 59 (48–63) | 57 (48–66) | 0.82 |
Male sex, n (%) | 22 (88) | 12 (85.7) | 10 (90.9) | 1 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 32 (28.4–37.5) | 31.5 (28–38) | 33.6 (28.4–37.6) | 0.86 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Any, n (%) | 6 (24) | 3 (21.4) | 3 (27.3) | 1 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 12 (48) | 6 (42.8) | 6 (54.5) | 0.7 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 10 (40) | 5 (35.7) | 5 (45.4) | 0.7 |
SAPS II | 60 (40–65) | 59.5 (46–62) | 61 (38–80) | 0.39 |
Delay symptoms-ECMO (days) | 16 (11–18) | 15 (11–20) | 16 (10–16) | 0.94 |
Delay mechanical ventilation-ECMO (days) | 7 (4–10) | 6.5 (4–10) | 7 (4–13) | 0.99 |
Chest imaging (X-rays or CT) | ||||
Consolidation, n (%) | 14 (56%) | 11 (78.6) | 3 (27.3) | 0.02 |
Ground glass opacity, n (%) | 25 (100) | 14 (100) | 11 (100) | – |
Bilateral infiltration, n (%) | 25 (100) | 14 (100) | 11 (100) | – |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio before ECMO (mmHg) | 84 (69–98) | 84 (67–96) | 87 (66–102) | 0.77 |
Prone position before ECMO, n (%) | 25 (100) | 14 (100) | 11 (100) | – |
Neuromuscular blockers, n (%) | 25 (100) | 14 (100) | 11 (100) | – |
iNO before ECMO, n (%) | 21 (84) | 12 (85.7) | 9 (81.8) | 1 |
Corticosteroids, n (%) | 4 (16) | 1 (7.1) | 3 (27.3) | 0.29 |
MV and ECMO settings the first day of ECMO | ||||
Tidal volume (mL/kg) | 2.6 (1.9–2.9) | 2.4 (1.7–3.1) | 2.6 (2.1–2.8) | 0.71 |
Plateau airway pressure (cmH2O) | 26 (23–29) | 26 (25–29) | 26 (21–29) | 0.52 |
PEEP (cmH2O) | 14 (11–20) | 14 (12–20) | 14 (10–20) | 0.47 |
Driving pressure (cmH2O) | 10 (9–13) | 11 (10–14) | 9 (8–12) | 0.44 |
Respiratory rate (cycles/min) | 14 (12–18) | 18 (13–25) | 12 (12–14) | 0.006 |
Respiratory system compliance (mL/cmH2O) | 25 (15–32) | 24 (14–30) | 28 (18–33) | 0.36 |
Inspired fraction of oxygen (%) | 50 (50–80) | 55 (50–72.5) | 50 (40–80) | 0.53 |
ECMO blood flow (L/min) | 5.9 (5–6.3) | 5.8 (5.2–6.7) | 5.9 (4.9–6) | 0.31 |
Sweep gas flow (L/min) | 5 (4–6) | 5.5 (4.5–6.2) | 4 (3.5–5) | 0.04 |
Membrane lung fraction of oxygen (%) | 100 (80–100) | 100 (80–100) | 100 (90–100) | 0.38 |
Outcomes | ||||
ECMO weaning, n (%) | 11 (44) | 3 (21.4) | 8 (72.7) | 0.02 |
ECMO duration (days) | 10 (5–13) | 11 (6–13) | 6 (3–12) | 0.28 |
28-day mortality, n (%) | 14 (56) | 11 (78.6) | 3 (27.3) | 0.02 |
Discharged alive from ICU, n (%) | 10 (40) | 2 (14.3) | 8 (72.7) | 0.005 |
Still in ICU, n (%) | 1 (4) | 1 (7.1) | 0 | 1 |