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Table 1 Characteristics of included patients, stratified by HbA1c

From: Unrecognized diabetes in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Characteristic

Total (N = 44)

HbA1c < 5.7% (N = 4)

HbA1c ≥ 5.7 < 6.5% (N = 16)

HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (N = 24)

Age—median (IQR) [years]

61.5 (53.0–68.0)

53.5 (43.8–64.0)

64 (53.8–68.0)

59 (53.8–69.8)

Male sex—no. (%)

32 (72)

3 (75)

13 (81)

16 (66)

Caucasian race—no. (%)

32 (72)

3 (75)

13 (81)

16 (66)

BMI—median (IQR) [kg/m2]

29.4 (26.2–32.7)

27.8 (24.9–30.6)

27.7 (25.5–34.8)

29.5 (26.9–32.6)

HbA1c—median (IQR) [%]

6.5 (6.1–6.7)

5.6 (5.5–5.6)

6.2 (5.9–6.3)

6.7 (6.6–7.1)

Maximum CRP—median (IQR) [mg/dl]

31.5 [20.5–35.5]

18.3 [16.9–20.9]

29.8 [19.7–35.9]

33.0 [22.4–35.8]

Maximum IL-6—median (IQR) [ng/l]

797.9 [381.7–1886.3]

284.9 [212.2–383.2]

1097.4 [403.8–2200.3]

851.9 [419.3–2156.3]

Known comorbidity*—no. (%)

 Metabolic syndrome

8 (18)

0 (0.0)

4 (25)

4 (17)

 Prediabetes

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Diabetes mellitus type I

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Diabetes mellitus type II

7 (15)

1 (25)

0 (0)

6 (25)

 Cardiovascular

11 (25)

2 (50)

2 (13)

7 (29)

 Hypertension

19 (43)

2 (50)

7 (44)

10 (42)

 Renal

6 (13)

0 (0)

3 (19)

3 (13)

 Liver

4 (9)

0 (0)

2 (13)

2 (8)

 Metastatic disease

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Hematological malignancy

2 (4)

0 (0)

2 (13)

0 (0)

 Non-hematological malignancy

3 (7)

1 (25)

2 (13)

0 (0)

 Immunosuppression

5 (11)

0 (0)

3 (19)

2 (8)

 COPD

6 (13)

0 (0)

2 (13)

4 (17)

 Asthma

4 (9)

1 (25)

2 (13)

1 (4)

 Respiratory disease—others

4 (9)

1 (25)

3 (19)

0 (0)

 Neurologic comorbidity

3 (7)

1 (25)

2 (13)

0 (0)

Chest radiographic findings consistent with viral pneumonia—no. (%)

43 (98)

4 (100)

16 (100)

23 (96)

SARS-CoV-2-PCR positive—no. (%)

44 (100)

4 (100)

16 (100)

24 (100)

Invasive mechanical ventilation—no. (%)

35 (80)

2 (50)

13 (81)

20 (84)

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation—no. (%)

4 (9)

1 (25)

1 (6)

2 (8)

Death in hospital—no. (%)

11 (25)

0 (0)

4 (25)

7 (29)

  1. Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, CRP C-reactive protein, IL-6 interleukin-6, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
  2. *If specified in the patients’ health records
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