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Table 1 Baseline characteristics stratified into good outcome (CPC 1–2) and poor outcome (CPC3–5) after 6 months

From: Artificial neural networks improve early outcome prediction and risk classification in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients admitted to intensive care

 

CPC score 1–2

CPC score 3–5

p value

Missing (%)

Background

 No. of patients

440

492

  

 Age, years (IQR)

61 (52–69)

68 (61–76)

< 0.001

0.0

 Female sex (%)

66 (15.9)

111 (22.6)

0.004

0.0

 Length, cm (IQR)

179 (171–183)

175 (167–180)

< 0.001

2.4

 Weight, kg (IQR)

80 (73–90)

80 (70–90)

0.207

1.4

 Chronic heart failure (%)

16 (3.6)

44 (9.0)

0.001

0.2

 Previous myocardial infarction (%)

79 (18.0)

112 (22.8)

0.080

0.1

 Ischaemic heart disease (%)

101 (23.0)

157 (32.0)

0.003

0.2

 Previous cardiac arrhythmia (%)

60 (13.6)

103 (21.0)

0.004

0.1

 Previous cardiac arrest (%)

9 (2.0)

12 (2.4)

0.851

0.1

 Arterial hypertension (%)

150 (34.2)

222 (45.3)

0.001

0.3

 TIA or stroke (%)

23 (5.2)

50 (10.2)

0.007

0.3

 Epilepsy (%)

11 (2.5)

5 (1.0)

0.135

0.1

 Diabetes (%)

51 (11.6)

89 (18.2)

0.007

0.5

 Asthma or COPD (%)

31 (7.0)

65 (13.2)

0.003

0.0

 Dialysis (%)

2 (0.5)

4 (0.8)

0.785

0.0

 Haematological malignancy (%)

2 (0.5)

7 (1.4)

0.241

0.6

 Other malignancies (%)

7 (1.6)

16 (3.3)

0.156

0.4

 Alcoholism (%)

10 (2.3)

26 (5.3)

0.027

0.1

 Previous PCI (%)

45 (10.2)

62 (12.7)

0.286

0.3

 Previous CABG (%)

26 (5.9)

62 (12.7)

0.001

0.3

 Previous valvular surgery (%)

10 (2.3)

15 (3.1)

0.590

0.4

 Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (%)

1 (0.2)

4 (0.8)

0.444

0.3

 Pacemaker (%)

11 (2.5)

21 (4.3)

0.196

0.3

Pre-hospital

 Cardiac arrest location (%)

  

< 0.001

0.0

  Place of residence

192 (43.6)

306 (62.2)

  

  Public place

216 (49.1)

166 (33.7)

  

  Others

32 (7.3)

20 (4.1)

  

 Bystander witnessed arrest (%)

406 (92.3)

427 (86.8)

0.009

0.0

 Bystander defibrillation (%)

55 (12.5)

34 (6.9)

0.005

0.1

 First monitored rhythm (%)

  

< 0.001

0.0

  Non-perfusing ventricular tachycardia (VT)

11 (2.5)

12 (2.4)

  

  Ventricular fibrillation (VF)

391 (88.9)

311 (63.2)

  

  Asystole

12 (2.7)

100 (20.3)

  

  Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

12 (2.7)

53 (10.8)

  

  Unknown

4 (0.9)

14 (2.8)

  

  ROSC after bystander defibrillation

10 (2.3)

2 (0.4)

  

 First rhythm shockable (%)

414 (94.1)

333 (67.7)

< 0.001

0.0

 Automatic compression-decompression (%)

  

0.145

0.2

  No

348 (79.1)

363 (74.1)

  

  Yes, manual

30 (6.8)

35 (7.1)

  

  Yes, mechanical

62 (14.1)

92 (18.8)

  

 Number of defibrillations (IQR)

3 (1–4)

2 (1–3)

0.001

0.5

 Pre-hospital intubation (%)

273 (62.9)

352 (72.6)

0.002

1.0

 Seizures before admission (%)

  

0.005

0.2

  No

406 (92.5)

468 (95.3)

  

  Yes, before CA

21 (4.8)

6 (1.2)

  

  Yes, after resuscitation

12 (2.7)

17 (3.5)

  

 Total dose of adrenaline, mg (IQR)

1 (0–3)

3 (1–5)

< 0.001

0.4

Data set A

 CA to ALS, min (IQR)

8.00 (5.00–11.00)

10.00 (7.00–15.00)

< 0.001

1.5

 CA to ROSC, min (IQR)

20.00 (14.75–30.00)

31.00 (21.00–47.00)

< 0.001

0.0

 Bystander CPR (%)

347 (78.9)

331 (67.4)

< 0.001

0.1

Data set B

 No flow, min (IQR)a

1.00 (0.00–3.00)

2.00 (0.00–8.00)

< 0.001

0.5

 Low flow, min (IQR)b

19.00 (12.00–27.00)

27.00 (17.00–40.25)

< 0.001

0.0

Admission

 Initial temperature, °C (IQR)

35.5 (34.9–36.0)

35.3 (34.4–36.0)

0.002

3.6

 Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) motor score = 1 (%)

173 (39.4)

316 (64.9)

< 0.001

0.6

 Acute ST-infarction or LBBB

217 (49.5)

220 (45.4)

0.228

1.0

 Blood glucose, mmol/L (IQR)

12.35 (9.47–16.00)

14.00 (10.60–18.00)

< 0.001

5.5

 pO2, kPa (IQR)

18.3 (11.7–30.1)

18.9 (12.1–37.1)

0.344

7.4

 pCO2, kPa (IQR)

6.0 (5.2–6.8)

6.3 (5.2–7.8)

0.003

5.8

 Base excess, BE (IQR)

− 6.0 (− 10.0–4.0)

− 10.0 (− 14.5–5.0)

< 0.001

7.0

 Potassium, mmol/L (IQR)

3.7 (3.4–4.2)

4.0 (3.5–4.5)

< 0.001

2.9

 FiO2, % (IQR)

80 (50–100)

90 (53–100)

0.215

3.2

 Creatinine, μmol/L (IQR)

95 (80–115)

115 (90–140)

< 0.001

3.1

 Platelets, cells × 109/L (IQR)

220 (185–265)

215 (170–274)

0.128

3.1

 WBC, cells × 109/L (IQR)

14.0 (10.6–18.0)

14.0 (10.4–18.5)

0.872

4.1

 Cough reflex (%)

277 (70.1)

211 (48.6)

< 0.001

11.1

 Spontaneous breathing (%)

310 (72.9)

284 (60.3)

< 0.001

3.9

 pH (IQR)

7.27 (7.17–7.32)

7.19 (7.05–7.28)

< 0.001

4.6

 Lactate, mmol/L (IQR)

4.6 (2.4–8.1)

6.9 (3.9–10.6)

< 0.001

6.3

 Shock on admission (%)c

36 (8.2)

100 (20.3)

< 0.001

0.0

 Pupil or corneal response (%)

392 (90.1)

327 (68.7)

< 0.001

2.3

  1. Data are presented as n (%) or median (IQR). n denotes the number of cases with valid data. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. The 54 variables are grouped into background, pre-hospital and admission variables
  2. IQR interquartile range, CPC cerebral performance category, TIA transient ischaemic attack, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, VT ventricular tachycardia, VF ventricular fibrillation, PEA pulseless electric activity, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, CA cardiac arrest, ALS advanced life support, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, LBBB left bundle branch block, WBC white blood cell
  3. aNo flow is defined as the time from the arrest to the start of CPR
  4. bLow flow is defined as the time from the start of CPR to ROSC
  5. cShock on admission is defined as systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg for more than 30 min or end-organ hypoperfusion unless vasoactive drugs are administered
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