Table 2 Biological parameters

 Na⁺ (mmol/L)

138 [138–143]

141 [140–143]

153 [150–157]

1

0.02

 K⁺ (mmol/L)

4.8 [4.5–5.0]

4.7 [4.2–5.2]

3.7 [3.1–4.0]

1

0.02

 Cl⁻ (mmol/L)

98 [96–99]

100 [99–101]

97 [94–99]

1

0.02

 Urea (mmol/L)

6.9 [5.7–8.3]

16.2 [11.3–24.6]

9.6 [8.5–10.7]

< 0.0001

0.04

 Na⁺ (mmol/L)

149 [58–163]

26 [21–39]

441 [362–509]

0.2

0.0004

 Na⁺ (mmol/day)

2.5 [2.1–2.8]

0.1 [0.1–0.1]

9.9 [8.2–12.5]

0.1

0.0003

 ∆Na⁺ (mmol)

2.4 [2.4–2.8]

4.9 [2.7–6.2]

0.06

 K⁺ (mmol/L)

254 [196–282]

325 [295–406]

104 [88–142]

0.2

0.0005

 K⁺ (mmol/day)

4.6 [3.9–4.8]

1.3 [0.7–2.2]

2.6 [2.0–2.9]

0.001

0.3

 ∆K⁺ (mmol)

− 1.3 [0.7–2.2]

− 2.6 [2.0–2.9]

 Cl⁻ (mmol/L)

185 [143–231]

89 [67–126]

107 [85–137]

0.02

0.8

 Cl⁻ (mmol/day)

3.4 [2.9–3.7]

0.3 [0.1–0.8]

2.5 [1.9–3.2]

0.002

0.03

 ∆Cl⁻ (mmol)

2.2 [2.0–2.4]

− 2.5 [1.9–3.2]

0.002

 Glucose (mmol/L, n = 10)

10.5 ± 2.4

4.9 ± 1.1

9.4 ± 4.5

0.0006

0.002

 Lactate (mmol/L)

1.6 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 1.5

6.7 ± 4.6

0.1

0.04

 Pyruvate (μmol/L)

32 ± 22

122 ± 51

249 ± 186

0.09

0.03

 Lactate/pyruvate ratio

51 [34–97]

28 [17–37]

24 [17–31]

0.06

1

 3-Hydroxybutyrate (μmol/L)

514 ± 249

212 ± 105

445 ± 303

0.02

0.03

 Acetoacetate (μmol/L)

317 ± 198

149 ± 77

216 ± 137

 IL-1β (pg/mL)

48 ± 11

993 ± 851

272 ± 215

0.0006

0.004

 TNFα (pg/mL)

6 ± 2

59 ± 31

28 ± 23

< 0.0001

0.005

 IL-10 (pg/mL)

207 ± 29

1015 ± 389

601 ± 523

0.0001

0.02

 VEGF-A (pg/mL)

240 [226–280]

261 [250–287]

198 [185–250]

0.4

0.009

 Syndecan-1 (pg/mL)

8.5 ± 4.0

9.7 ± 2.6

7.7 ± 2.0

 Albumin (g/L)

25.6 ± 2.2

22.2 ± 2.2

23 ± 2.6

0.001

0.4