Fig. 3
From: Prevalence and impact of acute renal impairment on COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Meta-analysis of incidence of proteinuria in COVID 19 patients. The forest plots represent the average incidence of proteinuria (a), proteinuria + (b), and proteinuria ++/+++ (c) in COVID-19 patients. Heterogeneity is defined based on the calculated I2 index. Based on the heterogeneity, random effect models are used to calculate the weights in a and b, and the fixed effect model is used to calculate weights in c