Table 2 Perioperative changes in sublingual total vessel density (TVD), small vessel density (SVD), and vessel density (VD) per study
From: Microcirculatory perfusion disturbances following cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review
Study | n | Technique | Study groups | Pre-CBP | CPB | Post-CPB | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Induction | Onset of CPB | Late phase of CPB | Post-CPB | ICU | 24 h after surgery | ||||
Bienz et al. [28] | 16 | SDF | CABG | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | – |
|  |  | CABG | ~ SVD | ~ SVD | ↑ SVD | ~ SVD | ~ SVD | – | |
De Backer et al. [14] | 9 | OPS | Cardiac surgery with CPB | ~ VD | ~ VD | – | ~ VD | ~ VD | ~ VD |
Holmgaard et al. [21] | 30 | SDF | CABG with HMAP | – | ~ TVD | – | ~ TVD | – | – |
|  |  | CABG with LMAP | – | ~ TVD | – | ~ TVD | – | – | |
Koning et al. [24] | 33 | SDF | CABG non pulsatile CPB | – | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | – |
|  |  | CABG pulsatile CPB | – | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | – | |
Koning et al. [31] | 13 | SDF | CABG | – | ↓ TVD | ↓ TVD | ↓ TVD | ↓ TVD | – |
Mohamed et al. [22] | 70 | SDF | CABG with regular anesthesia | – | ~ TVD | – | ~ TVD | – | – |
|  |  | CABG dexmed anesthesia | – | ~ TVD | – | ↓ TVD | – | – | |
Özarslan et al. [20] | 30 | OPS | CABG sevoflurane anesthesia | ~ TVD | ↓ TVD | – | ~ TVD | – | ~ TVD |
|  |  | CABG isoflurane anesthesia | ~ TVD | ↓ TVD | – | ~ TVD | – | ~ TVD | |
|  |  | CABG desflurane anesthesia | ~ TVD | ~ TVD | – | ~ TVD | – | ~ TVD | |
Prestes et al. [23] | 22 | SDF | CS with CPB | – | ~ VD | ~ | ~ TVD | – | – |