Table 1 Study characteristics for ARDS development
Study | Study design | Study population | ARDS definition | Outcome | Total (n) | ARDS (n) | Age | Gender, male n (%) | Variables in multivariate analysis | Sample moment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agrawal 2013 [23] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill | AECC | ALI | 167 | 19 | 69 ± 16 | 8 (42.1%) | APACHE II score, sepsis | Within 24 h following admission |
Ahasic 2012 [24] | Case-control | Critically ill | AECC | ARDS | 531 | 175 | 60.7 ± 17.6 | 102 (58.2%) | Age, gender, APACHE III score, BMI, ARDS risk factor | Within 48 h following admission |
Aisiku 2016 [25] | RCT (TBI trial) | Critically ill neurotrauma | Berlin | ARDS | 200 | 52 | 29.0 (19.5 IQR) | 50 (96.2%) | Gender, injury severity scale, Glasgow coma scale | Within 24 h following injury |
Amat 2000 [26] | Case-control | Critically ill | AECC | ARDS | 35 | 21 | 54 ± 16 | 15 (71.4%) | Not specified | At ICU admission |
Bai 2017 [27] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill neurotrauma | Berlin | ARDS | 50 | 21 | 48 (39–57 IQR) | 10 (46.7%) | Age, gender, BMI, injury score, blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation, Marshall CT score, Glasgow coma scale | At admission |
Bai 2017 [27] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill trauma | Berlin | ARDS | 42 | 16 | 44 (35–56 IQR) | 10 (62.5%) | Age, gender, BMI, injury score, blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation, Marshall CT score, Glasgow coma scale | At admission |
Bai 2018 [28] | Prospective cohort | Stroke patients | Berlin | ARDS | 384 | 60 | 64 (43–72 IQR) | 22 (36.7%) | Age, gender, BMI, onset to treatment time, medical history | Within 6 h following stroke |
Chen 2019 [29] | Case-control | Critically ill sepsis | Berlin | ARDS | 115 | 57 | 56.3 ± 10.1 | 40 (70.2%) | Age, gender, BMI, smoking history, COPD, cardiomyopathy, APACHE II score, SOFA score | Within 24 h following ARDS onset or ICU admission |
Du 2016 [30] | Prospective cohort | Cardiac surgery patients | AECC | ALI | 70 | 18 | 57.7 ± 11.6 | 12 (66.7%) | Age, medical history, BMI, systolic blood pressure | Within 1 h following surgery |
Faust 2020 [31] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill trauma | Berlin | ARDS | 224 | 41 | 44 (30–60 IQR) | 37 (90.2%) | Injury severity score, blunt mechanism, pre-ICU shock | At ED |
Faust 2020 [31] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill sepsis | Berlin | ARDS | 120 | 45 | 62 (52–67 IQR) | 15 (33.3%) | Lung source of sepsis, shock, age | At ED |
Fremont 2010 [32] | Case-control | Critically ill | AECC | ALI/ARDS | 192 | 107 | 39 (26–53 IQR) | 71 (66.4%) | Not specified | Within 72 h following ICU admission |
Gaudet 2018 [33] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill patients | Berlin | ARDS | 72 | 11 | 56 (51–63 IQR) | 8 (72.7%) | Not specified | At inclusion |
Hendrickson 2018 [34] | Retrospective cohort | Severe traumatic brain injury | Berlin | ARDS | 182 | 50 | 44 ± 20 | 42 (84.0%) | Age, acute injury scale, Glasgow coma scale, vasopressor use | Within 10 min following ED arrival |
Huang 2019 [35] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill sepsis | Berlin | ARDS | 152 | 41 | 63.2 ± 11.0 | 32 (78.0%) | Age, gender, BMI, smoking history, COPD, cardiomyopathy, APACHE II score, SOFA score | Within 24 h following ICU admission |
Huang 2019 [36] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill pancreatitis | Berlin | ARDS | 1933 | 143 | 49 (42–60 IQR) | 87 (60.8%) | Age, gender, aetiology of ARDS, APACHE II score | At admission |
Jabaudon 2018 [37] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill | Berlin | ARDS | 464 | 59 | 62 ± 16 | 46 (78.0%) | SAPS II, sepsis, shock, pneumonia | Within 6 h following ICU admission |
Jensen 2016 [38] | RCT (PASS) | Critically ill | Berlin | ARDS | 405 | 31 | NR | NR | Age, gender, APACHE II score, sepsis, eGFR | Within 24 h following admission |
Jensen 2016 [38] | RCT (PASS) | Critically ill | Berlin | ARDS | 353* | 31 | NR | NR | Age, gender, APACHE II score, sepsis, eGFR | Within 24 h following admission |
Jones 2020 [39] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill sepsis | Berlin | ARDS | 672 | 261 | 60 (51–69 IQR) | 154 (59.0%) | Pulmonary source, APACHE III score | At admission |
Jones 2020 [39] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill sepsis | Berlin | ARDS | 843 | NR | NR | NR | Pulmonary source, APACHE III score | Within 48 h following admission |
Komiya 2011 [40] | Cross sectional | Acute respiratory failure | AECC | ALI/ARDS | 124 | 53 | 78 (69–85 IQR) | 34 (64.2%) | Age, systolic blood pressure, VEF, chest X-ray pleural effusion | Within 2 h following emergency department arrival |
Lee 2011 [41] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill | AECC | ALI/ARDS | 113 | 50 | 57.6 ± 19.1 | 24 (48.0%) | Sepsis, BMI | Within 24 h following ICU admission |
Lin 2017 [42] | Retrospective cohort | Critically ill | Berlin | ARDS | 212 | 83 | 54.3 ± 20.3 | 53 (63.9%) | CRP, albumin, serum creatinine, APACHE II score | Within 2 h following ICU admission |
Liu 2017 [43] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill | AECC | ALI/ARDS | 134 | 19 | 69 ± 18 | 10 (52.6%) | APACHE II, sepsis severity | On arrival at ED |
Luo 2017 [44] | Retrospective cohort | Severe pneumonia | AECC | ALI/ARDS | 157 | 43 | 56 ± 19 | 25 (58.1%) | Lung injury score, SOFA score, PaO2/FiO2, blood urea | Day 1 following admission |
Meyer 2017 [45] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill trauma | Berlin | ARDS | 198 | 100 | 60 ± 14 | 62 (62.0%) | APACHE III score, age, gender, ethnicity, pulmonary infection | On arrival at ED or ICU |
Mikkelsen 2012 [46] | Case-control | Critically ill | AECC | ALI/ARDS | 48 | 24 | 38 ± 20 | 22 (91.7%) | APACHE III score | In ED |
Osaka 2011 [47] | Prospective cohort | Pneumonia | AECC | ALI/ARDS | 27 | 6 | 75 (51–92 range) | 4 (66.7%) | Not specified | 3 to 5 days following admission |
Palakshappa 2016 [48] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill | Berlin | ARDS | 163 | 73 | 58 (52–68 IQR) | 42 (57.5%) | APACHE III score, diabetes, BMI, pulmonary sepsis | At ICU admission |
Reilly 2018 [49] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill sepsis | Berlin | ARDS | 703 | 289 | 60 (51–69 IQR) | 170 (58.8%) | Pulmonary source, APACHE III score | Within 24 h of ICU admission |
Shashaty 2019 [50] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill sepsis | Berlin | ARDS | 120 | 44 | 61 (50–68 IQR) | NR | Age, transfusion, pulmonary source, shock | At ED |
Shashaty 2019 [50] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill trauma | Berlin | ARDS | 180 | 37 | 41 (25–62 IQR) | NR | Injury severity score, blunt mechanism, transfusion | At presentation |
Shaver 2017 [51] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill | AECC | ARDS | 280 | 90 | 54 (44–64 IQR) | 54 (60.0%) | Age, APACHE II, sepsis | Day of inclusion |
Suzuki 2017 [52] | Retrospective cohort | Suspected drug-induced lung injury | New bilateral lung infiltration | ALI/ARDS | 68 | 39 | 72 (65-81IQR) | 25 (64.1%) | Gender, age, smoking history, biomarkers | As soon as possible after DLI suspicion |
Wang 2019 [53] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill sepsis | Berlin | ARDS | 109 | 32 | 58 ± 10.7 | NR | Age, gender, BMI, smoking history, COPD, cardiomyopathy, APACHE II score, SOFA score | Within 24 h following admission |
Ware 2017 [54] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill trauma patients | Berlin | ARDS | 393 | 78 | 42 (26–55) | 56 (71.8%) | Not specified | Within 24 h following inclusion |
Xu 2018 [55] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill | Berlin | ARDS | 158 | 45 | 60.0 ± 17.1 | 35 (77.8%) | APACHE II score, Lung injury prediction score, biomarkers, sepsis | Within 24 h of ICU admission |
Yeh 2017 [56] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill | AECC | ALI/ARDS | 129 | 18 | 65 ± 18 | 10 (55.6%) | APACHE II score | On arrival at the ED |
Ying 2019 [57] | Prospective cohort | Critically ill pneumonia | Berlin | ARDS | 145 | 37 | 61.3 ± 10.4 | 23 (62.2%) | Age, SOFA score, lung injury score, heart rate | At admission |
Total† | 10,667 | 2419 | ||||||||
24.6% |