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Table 3 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) run characteristics of 80 children with sepsis and septic shock compared between children who survived and children that died

From: Defining benefit threshold for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children with sepsis—a binational multicenter cohort study

Characteristic

Variable

Survived

Died

p valuea

N = 44 (55%)

N = 36 (45%)

Age

Age (days), median (IQR)

1241 (36.5, 2595.5)

308.50 (63.5, 1272)

0.19

Severity on PICU admissionb

Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR)

85 (58, 105)

77 (56, 96)

0.27

Lactate, median (IQR)

4.15 (3.3, 6.2)

6.05 (3.3, 11.1)

0.002

Dilated unresponsive pupils

1 (2%)

1 (3%)

0.89

Cardiac arrest pre-admission

6 (14%)

7 (19%)

0.48

PIM2, mean (SD)

0.19 (0.26)

0.32 (0.31)

0.052

PIM2, median (IQR)

0.09 (0.04, 0.21)

0.22 (0.06, 0.51)

0.033

Therapy in PICU

Intubated

44 (100%)

36 (100%)

NA

Mechanical ventilation during 1st hour

37 (84%)

31 (86%)

0.80

Inotropes during 1st hour

27 (66%)

30 (88%)

0.055

Renal replacement

27 (61%)

14 (39%)

0.045

High-frequency oscillation ventilation

11 (25%)

10 (28%)

0.78

Inhaled nitric oxide

14 (32%)

9 (25%)

0.50

Pre-ECMO physiology

CPR pre ECMO

11 (25%)

21 (58%)

0.002

pH, median (IQR)

7.14 (7.06, 7.26)

7.04 (6.98, 7.19)

0.028

pCO2, median (IQR)

47 (40, 57)

48 (37, 56)

0.67

pO2, median (IQR)

58.5 (40.5, 111.5)

77 (43, 128)

0.53

SaO2, median (IQR)

90 (71, 96)

94 (86, 98)

0.19

HCO3, median (IQR)

17 (13, 23)

14 (9, 18)

0.027

PIP/Amplitude, median (IQR)

30 (26, 38.5)

35 (26, 48)

0.27

PEEP, median (IQR)

8 (6, 10)

10 (7, 10.5)

0.17

MAP, median (IQR)

16.0 (13.6, 22.7)

19.0 (14.0, 26.0)

0.24

Respiratory Rate/Hz, median (IQR)

20 (16, 30)

26.5 (8, 30)

0.68

FiO2 (%), median (IQR)

100 (60, 100)

100 (92.5, 100)

0.45

SBP, median (IQR)

80 (60, 100)

70 (53, 91)

0.56

DBP, median (IQR)

40 (30, 45)

44 (30, 50)

0.42

MBP, median (IQR)

51.5 (38, 60)

53.5 (38.5, 62)

0.96

ECMO category

Neonatal

12 (27%)

9 (25%)

0.82

Pediatric

32 (73%)

27 (75%)

 

ECPR

6 (14%)

12 (33%)

< 0.001

ECMO support

Veno-arterial only

39 (89%)

35 (97%)

0.15

Veno-arterial combined with venovenous

5 (11%)

1 (3%)

 

Time to ECMO (hours)c

7.00 (1.41, 45.00)

2.81 (1.00, 13.68)

0.13

Central cannulation (initial)

35 (80%)

22 (61%)

0.070

ECMO flow day 1 (ml/kg/min), median (IQR)

161 (134, 194)

156 (101, 190)

0.51

ECMO support duration (days), median (IQR)

4.9 (3.7, 8.2)

1.7 (0.5, 7.1)

< 0.001

PICU length of stay (days), median (IQR)

13.0 (8.9, 28.7)

2.3 (0.8, 10.9)

< 0.001

  1. CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, DBT diastolic arterial blood pressure, ECMO extracorporeal life support, ECPR extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, MAP mean airway pressure, MBP mean arterial blood pressure, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, PICU pediatric intensive care unit, PIM2 Pediatric Index of Mortality 2, PIP peak inspiratory pressure, SBP systolic arterial blood pressure
  2. ap value based on two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test
  3. bFirst observation, the measure must be obtained within the first 60 min of PICU admission
  4. cTime from PICU admission to ECMO cannulation
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Critical Care

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