Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients at ICU admission
From: Expiratory flow limitation in intensive care: prevalence and risk factors
Variables | Total (n = 121) | NO EFL (n = 84) | EFL (n = 37) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 68 ± 14 | 67 ± 15 | 71 ± 12 | 0.181 |
Male sex, n (%) | 81 (67) | 60 (71) | 21 (57) | 0.114 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.0 ± 5.6 | 25.3 ± 3.9 | 30.7 ± 6.8 | < 0.0001 |
SOFA at admission | 6 [4–9] | 6 [4–8] | 8 [6–10] | 0.015 |
SAPSII | 42 [31–48] | 38 [29–47] | 42 [35–53] | 0.077 |
Smoking history, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.343 |
 Current smoker | 29 (24) | 17 (20) | 12 (32) |  |
 Former smoker | 31 (26) | 16 (25) | 15 (26) |  |
mMRC ≥ 3 | 35 (29) | 9 (11) | 26 (70) | < 0.0001 |
NYHA ≥ 2 | 62 (51) | 27 (32) | 35 (95) | < 0.0001 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
 Heart diseases | 68 (56) | 40 (48) | 28 (76) | 0.004 |
 Hypertension | 42 (35) | 28 (33) | 14 (38) | 0.632 |
 Chronic cardiac ischaemia | 43 (36) | 22 (26) | 21 (57) | 0.001 |
 COPD | 28 (23) | 9 (11) | 19 (51) | < 0.0001 |
 OSAS | 7 (6) | 3 (4) | 4 (11) | 0.116 |
 CKD | 21 (17) | 10 (12) | 11 (30) | 0.017 |
Reason for MV initiation, n (%) | ||||
 AHRF | 52 (43) | 31 (37) | 21 (57) | 0.042 |
 Sepsis | 45 (37) | 34 (41) | 11 (30) | 0.260 |
 Septic shock | 28 (23) | 21 (25) | 7 (19) | 0.465 |
 Haemorrhagic shock | 11 (9) | 8 (10) | 3 (8) | 0.803 |
 Coma | 13 (11) | 11 (13) | 2 (5) | 0.208 |
ARDS | 29 (24) | 13 (16) | 16 (43) | 0.001 |
 Mild | 7 (24) | 3 (23) | 4 (24) |  |
 Moderate | 14 (48) | 8 (62) | 6 (38) |  |
 Severe | 8 (28) | 2 (15) | 6 (38) |  |