Table 1 Patient demography and clinical characteristics of the study cohort, and the patients surviving at or dying within 30 days after bacteremia onset*
Variables | Patient number (%) | P value** | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total n = 3194 | Death n = 472 | Survival n = 2722 | ||
Patient demography | ||||
 Age, years, mean ± SD | 67.6 ± 16.2 | 69.9 ± 15.0 | 67.3 ± 16.4 | 0.001 |
 Gender, male | 1625 (50.9) | 283 (60.0) | 1342 (49.3) | < 0.001 |
 Nursing-home residents | 178 (5.6) | 57 (12.1) | 121 (4.4) | < 0.001 |
Time-to-appropriate antibiotic, h, median (IQR) | 2 (1–8) | 2 (1–26) | 2 (1–7) | < 0.001 |
Inadequate source control during antibiotic therapy | 98 (3.1) | 25 (5.3) | 73 (2.7) | 0.002 |
Severity-of-illness markers at ED | ||||
 Pitt bacteremia score ≥ 4 | 646 (20.2) | 302 (64.0) | 344 (12.6) | < 0.001 |
 ICU admission through ED | 328 (10.3) | 118 (25.0) | 210 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
Major bacteremia sources | ||||
 Urinary tract | 1034 (32.4) | 51 (10.8) | 983 (36.1) | < 0.001 |
 Pneumonia | 473 (14.8) | 176 (37.3) | 297 (10.9) | < 0.001 |
 Intra-abdominal | 383 (12.0) | 61 (12.9) | 322 (11.8) | 0.50 |
 Skin and soft-tissue | 307 (9.6) | 45 (9.5) | 262 (9.6) | 0.95 |
 Biliary tract | 272 (8.5) | 22 (4.7) | 250 (9.2) | 0.001 |
 Primary bacteremia | 263 (8.2) | 42 (8.9) | 221 (8.1) | 0.57 |
 Bone and joint | 117 (3.7) | 10 (2.1) | 107 (3.9) | 0.05 |
 Vascular-line | 110 (3.4) | 17 (3.6) | 93 (3.4) | 0.84 |
 Infective endocarditis | 101 (3.2) | 17 (3.6) | 84 (3.1) | 0.55 |
 Liver abscess | 101 (3.2) | 7 (1.5) | 94 (3.5) | 0.02 |
Fatal comorbidities (McCabe classification) | 811 (25.4) | 228 (48.3) | 583 (21.4) | < 0.001 |
Major comorbidities | ||||
 Hypertension | 1563 (48.9) | 216 (45.8) | 1347 (49.5) | 0.14 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 1187 (37.2) | 158 (33.5) | 1029 (37.8) | 0.07 |
 Malignancies | 951 (29.8) | 228 (48.3) | 723 (26.6) | < 0.001 |
 Neurological diseases | 735 (23.0) | 130 (27.5) | 605 (22.2) | 0.01 |
 Chronic kidney diseases | 587 (18.4) | 86 (18.2) | 501 (18.4) | 0.92 |
 Liver cirrhosis | 399 (12.5) | 92 (19.5) | 307 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
 Coronary artery diseases | 309 (9.7) | 48 (10.2) | 261 (9.6) | 0.69 |
 Urological disorder | 250 (7.8) | 30 (6.4) | 220 (8.1) | 0.20 |