Epinephrine, inodilator, or no inotrope in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation: a single-center experience

Zotzmann, Viviane; Rilinger, Jonathan; Lang, Corinna N.; Kaier, Klaus; Benk, Christoph; Duerschmied, Daniel; Biever, Paul M.; Bode, Christoph; Wengenmayer, Tobias; Staudacher, Dawid L.

doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2605-4

Critical Care

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics and outcome

From: Epinephrine, inodilator, or no inotrope in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation: a single-center experience

	Overall		A: no inotropic		B: inodilator pooled		C: epinephrine pooled		p value
	Absolute	%	Absolute	%	Absolute	%	Absolute	%	A vs B vs C	A vs C	B vs C
Number of patients	231	100	96	41.6	67	29.0	68	29.4
No. of flow time [min]	1.74	± 3.55	1.75	± 3.26	0.96	± 2.56	2.56	± 4.48	0.106	0.353	0.041
Mean age [years]	58.58	± 14.27	58.32	± 15.77	59.82	± 13.81	57.72	± 12.5	0.680	0.795	0.358
Female gender	69	29.9	29	30.2	23	34.3	17	25.0	0.494	0.486	0.262
In-house survival	96	41.6	46	47.9	35	52.2	17	25.0	0.002	0.003	0.001
Alive after > 30 days	87	37.7	43	44.8	35	52.2	19	28.4	0.013	0.034	0.005
Neurological withdrawal	47	20.3	20	20.8	7	10.4	17	25.0	0.083	0.572	0.041
Co-morbidities	28	12.1	7	7.3	7	10.4	9	13.2	0.451	0.286	0.791
Cardiogenic shock/instability	61	26.4	21	21.9	16	23.9	22	32.3	0.296	0.152	0.339
Respiratory failure	7	3.0	4	4.2	2	29.8	1	1.5	0.611	0.404	0.619
Presumed patient will	1	0.4	1	1.0	0	0	0	0	0.400	1.0	1.0
ECMO-data
VA-ECMO rotation (rounds/min)	2685	± 663	2662	± 542	2760	± 552	2677	± 659	0.550	0.876	0.456
VA-ECMO blood flow (l/min)	3.75	± 1.08	3.53	± 1.08	3.78	± 1.08	3.85	± 1.08	0.240	0.091	0.553
Continuous norepinephrine infusion	209	90.5	83	86.5	60	89.6	66	97.1	0.071	0.026	0.096
ECPR	133	57.6	50	54.2	34	50.7	46	68.7	0.078	0.054	0.055
Scores
SOFA score	14.47	± 2.61	14.80	± 2.62	14.22	± 2.89	14.59	± 2.29	0.177	0.647	0.418
SAPS2 score	48.69	± 15.00	49.09	± 15.70	46.58	± 14.78	50.19	± 14.18	0.657	0.647	0.150
SAVE score	− 6.23	± 5.28	− 5.96	± 5.16	− 5.27	± 5.5	− 7.54	± 4.98	0.670	0.051	0.013
Primary rhythm
PEA/asystolia/non-shockable	144	62	68	70.8	35	52.2	41	61.2	0.050	0.181	0.388
VT/VF/shockable	70	30	22	22.9	24	35.8	24	34.3	0.120	0.112	1.000
Unknown primary rhythm	17	7	6	6.3	8	13.6	3	4.5	0.212	0.737	0.128
Reason of ECLS implantation
Cardiogenic shock	183	79.2	72	75.0	60	89.6	56	83.6	0.062	0.339	0.323
Other shock	48	20.8	24	25.0	7	10.5	12	16.4	0.062	0.339	0.323
Risk factors
Coronary heart disease	172	74.4	66	68.7	56	83.6	50	73.5	0.100	0.602	0.209
Hypertension	95	41.1	40	41.6	36	53.7	19	27.9	0.010	0.098	0.003
Peripheral artery disease	17	7.3	6	6.3	7	10.4	4	5.9	0.515	1.000	0.365
Lung disease	30	13.0	15	15.6	7	10.4	8	11.8	0.588	0.649	1.000
Diabetes mellitus	55	23.9	23	23.6	20	29.9	12	17.6	0.250	0.439	0.109

Characteristics of patients included in the registry are given as the number of patients (percent of group) or as mean ± standard deviation. Significance is calculated between all the groups or between the epinephrine and either the inodilator or no inotropy group

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