Table 1 Patients characteristics, clinical outcomes, and adverse events following FMT
Pt | Age (year) | Sex | Primary ICU diagnosis at the time of rescue FMT | APACHE II score | Extra-intestinal infection sites | Microbiological culture (sample) | Rescue FMT (delivery way, frequency) | FMT response | Adverse events (AEs) | Antibiotic resuming time after FMT | 12 weeks survival | Rescue success | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-FMT | 3 days after FMT | 7 days after FMT | AEs (time after the first FMT) | Gradea | Causality between AEs and FMT | |||||||||||
1 | 25 | M | Cerebellar hemorrhage status post craniotomy, catheter associated bloodstream infection | 17 | 12 | Discharge | RT, blood | Klebsiella pneumoniae (blood) | Gastroscopy, one FMT | Diarrhea and abdominal distention improved | None | – | – | No use | Yes | Yes |
2 | 68 | M | Respiratory failure, pneumonia, post-CPR, cerebral infarction, postoperative prostate cancer, PD, GI bleeding | 28 | 26 | 24 | RT | Acinetobacter baumannii (sputum) | Nasojejunal tube, two FMTs | Abdominal distention and diarrhea improved | Hematuria (42 days) | – | Unrelated | 3 days | Yes | No |
Sudden cardiac arrest (69 days) | – | Unrelated | ||||||||||||||
Death (135 days) | – | Unrelated | ||||||||||||||
3 | 82 | F | Pulmonary infection, encephalatrophy | 11 | 11 | 11 | RT | Acinetobacter baumannii (sputum); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (sputum); negative (stool) | Nasojejunal tube, one FMT | Nonresponse | Death (52 days) | – | Unrelated | 13 days | No | No |
4 | 73 | M | Multiple trauma, pulmonary infection | 13 | Discharge | – | RT | Negative (blood) | Gastroscopy, one FMT | Diarrhea improved | Increased diarrhea frequency (< 1 day) | 2 | Probably related | 7 days | Yes | Yes |
5 | 17 | F | Septic shock, MODS, PMC, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, post-CPR | 24 | 19 | 14 | Blood, RT, skin, UT | Acinetobacter baumannii (sputum), E. coli (blood); Candida albicans (stool), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (urine) | Nasojejunal tube, four FMTs | Nonresponse after the first FMT, diarrhea and abdominal distention improved after the third FMT | Increased diarrhea frequency (< 1 day) | 2 | Probably related | 8 h | Yes | Yes |
6 | 54 | F | Rheumatic heart disease, post-valve replacement | 32 | 34 | 34 | RT, blood, UT | Candida Albicans (sputum, urine, stool), Klebsiella pneumoniae (sputum), Enterobacter cloacae (sputum, blood), E. coli (urine), Enterococcus aureus (urine) | Nasojejunal tube, two FMTs | Hematochezia alleviated, diarrhea and abdominal pain improved | Abdominal pain (< 1 day) | 1 | Probably related | 29 days | Yes | Yes |
7 | 3 | M | Sepsis, septic encephalopathy, MODS, PMC, post-ileostomy | 25 | 31 | 22 | Brain, blood, skin | Candida albicans (stool), Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen (stool) | Nasojejunal tube, one FMT | Diarrhea cured, abdominal distention improved | Increased diarrhea frequency (< 1 day) | 1 | Probably related | 7 days | Yes | Yes |
8 | 27 | F | Infective endocarditis, pulmonary infection, septic shock, thoracic empyema, PMC, MODS | 39 | 38 | 39 | Heart, RT, thoracic cavity | Candida glabrata (stool) | Nasojejunal tube, two FMTs | Nonresponse | Increased diarrhea frequency (3Â days) b | 3 | Probably related | Continued antibiotic use | No | No |
9 | 27 | F | Sepsis, PMC, SLE (severe, active phase, systemic lupus erythematosus), lupus nephritis, pneumonia | 12 | 12 | 12 | Blood, RT | Enterococcus faecium (blood), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (sputum) | Nasojejunal tube, two FMTs | Transient diarrhea exacerbation, then abdominal distention and diarrhea improved | Hospitalization due to herpes zoster (116 days) | – | Unrelated | 24 h | Yes | Yes |
10 | 91 | M | Peri-anal abscess, CHD, COPD, cerebral infarction, arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, NYHA III, cholecystitis, gallstones | 20 | 18 | 18 | Anus, RT | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (sputum) | Nasojejunal tube, three FMTs | Diarrhea and abdominal distention improved | Death (23 days) | – | Unrelated | 14 days | No | No |
11 | 83 | M | COPDAE, respiratory failure, pulmonary encephalopathy, esophagus cancer, hypertension, DM | 35 | 23 | Died | RT | Acinetobacter baumannii (sputum) | Nasojejunal tube, one FMT | Diarrhea and abdominal distention improved | Death (4 days) | – | Unrelated | 20 h | No | No |
12 | 56 | M | Septic shock, brain stem infarction, MODS, upper GI bleeding, ischemic necrotizing enteritis? PMC? | 25 | 22 | Discharge | Blood, RT | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (blood, sputum) | Gastroscopy, one FMT | Diarrhea improved | Upper GI bleeding relapse (6 days) | – | Unrelated | 2 days | No | No |
Death (8 days) | – | Unrelated | ||||||||||||||
13 | 35 | F | Multiple venous thrombosis, abdominal cavity infection, GI bleeding, abdominal hypertension syndrome, PMC, pulmonary infection | 22 | Died | – | Abdominal cavity, blood, RT | Acinetobacter baumannii (blood, sputum) | Enema, four FMTs | Nonresponse | Death (3 days) | – | Unrelated | No use | No | No |
14 | 41 | M | Sepsis, septic shock, MODS, post-SAP, pancreatic pseudocyst with acute infection, pulmonary infection, UTI | 12 | 11 | 7 | Pancreas, blood, RT, UT | Acinetobacter baumannii (abdominal cavity effusion), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (abdominal cavity effusion), Serratia marcescens (abdominal cavity effusion) | Nasojejunal tube, two FMTs | Nonresponse | Abdominal pain (< 1 day) | 1 | Possibly related | 24 h | No | No |
Increased Serum amylase (< 1 day) | 1 | Possibly related | ||||||||||||||
Death (46 days) | – | Unrelated | ||||||||||||||
15 | 59 | M | Multiple trauma, septic shock, PMC, hypertension, CHD | 27 | 17 | 15 | RT, blood, UT | Acinetobacter baumannii (sputum, blood, urine, stool) | Nasojejunal tube, two FMTs | Diarrhea and abdominal distention improved | None | – | – | 8 h | Yes | Yes |
16 | 2 | M | Cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, bronchitis, CNS infection, severe sepsis, severe malnutrition | 7 | 6 | 7 | RT, CNS | Negative (blood, sputum, urine, stool) | Gastroscopy, two FMTs | Diarrhea improved but relapsed 8 days after rescue FMT | Fever (< 1 day) | 1 | Possibly related | 24 h | Yes | No |
17 | 69 | F | Post-radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, post-left hepatectomy | 7 | 7 | 7 | Stoma | Enterococcus aureus (stoma secretion) | Nasojejunal tube, one FMT | Nonresponse | None | – | – | 6 days | Yes | Yes |
18 | 56 | M | Septic shock, refractory CDI, multiple cerebral hemorrhage | 14 | 12 | Discharge | RT | Clostridium difficile (stool) | Nasojejunal tube, one FMT | Diarrhea, abdominal distention and abdominal pain improved | None | – | – | No use | Yes | Yes |