Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants by sex
Characteristic | Men | Women | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 217,173 (56.2%) | n = 169,362 (43.8%) | ||
Year | 0.95 | ||
 2013 | 53,459 (24.6) | 41,693 (24.6) |  |
 2014 | 55,123 (25.4) | 42,925 (25.4) |  |
 2015 | 54,061 (24.9) | 42,294 (24.9) |  |
 2016 | 54,530 (25.1) | 42,450 (25.1) |  |
Geographic Japanese regions | |||
 Rural area* | 54,143 (24.9) | 43,512 (25.7) | < 0.001 |
Age, years | < 0.001 | ||
 Mean (SD) | 74.3 (14.1) | 80.3 (13.2) |  |
 Median (25–75%) | 77 (67–85) | 84 (75–90) |  |
Etiology of cardiac arrest | |||
 Presumed cardiac cause | 152,531 (70.2) | 116,994 (69.1) | < 0.001 |
Initial shockable rhythm | 23,159 (10.7) | 7248 (4.3) | < 0.001 |
Bystander witness status | < 0.001 | ||
 No witness | 129,709 (59.7) | 107,825 (63.7) |  |
 Family member | 57,967 (26.7) | 35,544 (21.0) |  |
 Nonfamily member | 29,497 (13.6) | 25,993 (15.3) |  |
Dispatcher CPR instruction | |||
 Offered | 126,685 (58.3) | 105,020 (62.0) | < 0.001 |
Bystander CPR | 107,618 (49.6) | 95,609 (56.4) | < 0.001 |
Use of advanced airway management | 94,481 (43.5) | 69,107 (40.8) | < 0.001 |
Epinephrine administration | 44,648 (20.6) | 28,120 (16.6) | < 0.001 |
Call-to-response time, min | < 0.001 | ||
 Mean (SD) | 9.2 (3.9) | 9.1 (3.6) |  |
 Median (25–75%) | 8 (7–11) | 8 (7–11) |  |
Call-to-hospital arrival time, min | < 0.001 | ||
 Mean (SD) | 31.8 (10.4) | 31.5 (10.1) |  |
 Median (25–75%) | 31 (25–38) | 31 (25–38) |  |
1-month outcome | |||
 Survival | 12,373 (5.7) | 5,561 (3.3) | < 0.001 |
 CPC 1 or 2 | 6936 (3.2) | 2,327 (1.4) | < 0.001 |