Table 1 Characteristics of the functional hemodynamic tests and of the fluid challenges
Studies | General characteristics | FC characteristics | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | FCs | Months | Ventilatory setting | FHT: description | Volume infused (ml) | Time (min) | Rate (ml/min) | Reference variable | Type of fluid | Hemodynamic monitoring | FR (%) | ||
Operating room | Guinot et al. [33] | 42 | 42 | NS | CMV | EEOT: ventilation interrupted for 15 s | 500 | 10 | 50 | SV > 15% | Ringer | CardioQ | 67 |
Biais et al. [34] | 41 | 41 | 6 | CMV | EEOT: ventilation interrupted for 30 s | 250 | 10 | 25 | SVI ≥ 10% | Saline | ProAQT | 51 | |
Biais et al. [35] | 44 | 88 | 12 | CMV | Mini-FC: 100 ml in 120 s | 250 | 10 | 25 | SVI ≥ 10% | Saline | ProAQT | 32 | |
Guinot et al. [36] | 73 | 73 | 6 | SB | Mini-FC: 100 ml in 60 s | 500 | 10 | 50 | SV > 15% | Ringer | NICCOMO | 37 | |
Preisman et al. [37] | 18 | 70 | NS | CMV | RSVT: decrease in SAP after successive incremental pressure-controlled breaths (10, 20, and 30 cmH2O) | 250 | 5 | 50 | SVI ≥ 15% | Poligeline 3.5% | PiCCO | 46 | |
Biais et al. [38] | 28 | 28 | 12 | CMV | LRM: 30 cmH20/30 s | 250 | 10 | 25 | SVI ≥ 10% | Saline | ProAQT | 57 | |
De Broca et al. [39] | 60 | 60 | 9 | CMV | LRM: 25 cmH20/25 s | 500 | 10 | 50 | SV ≥ 15% | Ringer | CardioQ | 62 | |
Intensive care unit | Wu et al. [40] | 50 | 50 | 8 | CMV | Mini-FC: 50 ml in 10 s | 500 | 15 | 33 | CO ≥ 15% | Crystalloids (undefined) | TTE | 54 |
Smorenberg et al. [41] | 21 | 21 | NS | CMV | Mini-FC: 100 ml in 120 s | 500 | 20 | 25 | CO > 10% | Hydroxyethyl starch 6% | Modelflow/PulseCO | 62 | |
Muller et al. [29] | 39 | 39 | 10 | CMV | Mini-FC: 100 ml in 60 s | 500 | 15 | 33.3 | VTI ≥ 15% | 6% HES | TTE | 54 | |
Monge Garcia et al. [42] | 30 | 30 | 6 | SB | Airway pressure elevated up to 30 cmH20 for 10 s | 500 | 30 | 16.6 | SVI ≥ 15% | 6% HES | Flow-Trac | 37 | |
Perel et al. [28] | 14 | 14 | NS | CMV | RSVT: decrease in SAP after successive incremental pressure-controlled breaths (5,10, 15, and 20 cmH2O) | 7/kg | 30 | NA | CI ≥ 15% | Plasma expander (undefined) | PAC | 57 | |
Yonis et al. [43] | 33 | 33 | 40 | CMV | EEOT: ventilation interrupted for 15 s | 500 | 15 | 33.3 | CI ≥ 15% | Crystalloids (undefined) | PiCCO | 45 | |
Xiao-ting et al. [44] | 48 | 48 | 8 | CMV | Mini-FC: 100 ml in 60 s | 500 | 15 | 33.3 | CI ≥ 10% | Saline | PiCCO | 71 | |
Mallat et al. [45] | 49 | 49 | NS | CMV | Mini-FC: 100 ml in 60 s | 500 | 15 | 33.3 | CI ≥ 15% | 4% albumin | PiCCO | 45 | |
Georges et al. [46] | 50 | 50 | NS | ACV(V); no SE | EEOT: ventilation interrupted for 12 s | 500 | 15 | 33.3 | CO ≥ 15% | Saline | TTE | 56 | |
Wilkman et al. [47] | 20 | 20 | NS | CMV | PEEP elevated from 10 to 20 cmH2O for 60–120 s | 6/kg | 30 | NA | CO ≥ 15% | Succinilgelatine 4% | TEE | 30 | |
Jozwiak et al. [48] | 30 | 30 | 14 | ACV(V); no SE | EEOT: ventilation interrupted for 15 s | 500 | 10 | 50 | CI > 15% | Saline | PiCCO | 50 | |
Monnet et al. [23] | 34 | 34 | NS | ACV(V); SE | EEOT: ventilation interrupted for 15 s | 500 | 10 | 50 | CI > 15% | Saline | PiCCO | 68 | |
Myatra et al. [49] | 20 | 30 | NS | ACV(V); no SE | Vt raised up from 6 to 8 ml/kg for 1 min | 7/kg | 10 | NA | CI > 15% | Saline | PiCCO | 53 | |
Monnet et al. [50] | 54 | 54 | NS | ACV(V); no SE | EEOT: ventilation interrupted for 15 s | 500 | 20 | 25 | CI ≥ 15% | Saline | PiCCO | 55 | |