Fig. 3
From: Adipose tissue protects against sepsis-induced muscle weakness in mice: from lipolysis to ketones
Providing mixed long- and medium-chain triglycerides to lean septic mice protected against muscle weakness. Lean (Ln) septic mice were given either standard mixed parenteral nutrition (PN) or a lipid-rich PN (Lipid) containing a mix of long- and medium-chain triglycerides for 5 days. a Tibialis anterior (TA) and b extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle dry weight. c Relative mRNA expression of muscle atrophy markers. Gene expression data are normalized to Rn18s and shown relative to the mean of Ln healthy control mice (Ctrl). d Representative force tracings of ex vivo-measured absolute maximal tetanic force of the EDL muscle. e Ex vivo force measurements of the EDL indicating the specific maximal force (peak tetanic tension per unit muscle mass). a, b, c Ln Ctrl n = 24; Ln Sepsis: PN n = 23, Lipid n = 23. e Ln Ctrl n = 17; Ln Sepsis: PN n = 16, Lipid n = 15. Data are means ± SEM. p values determined through Wilcoxon or Student’s t test [Wilcoxon p values: c Fbxo32 p = 0.2, Trim63 p < 0.0001; ANOVA p values: a p = 0.0008, b p < 0.0001, e p = 0.01]. § p ≤ 0.05, §§ p ≤ 0.01, §§§ p ≤ 0.001 between Ctrl and Sepsis and *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 between Sepsis groups