Table 3 Early postresuscitation hemodynamics associated with the time to epinephrine treatment
|  | All children with traumatic OHCA and sustained ROSC (n = 222) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HS OHCA (n = 147) | Non-HS OHCA (n = 75) | |||||||
Time to epinephrine treatment | Â | Time to epinephrine treatment | Â | |||||
Early (n = 48) | Middle (n = 81) | Late (n = 18) | p value | Early (n = 30) | Middle (n = 38) | Late (n = 7) | p value | |
No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | Â | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | Â | |
Consciousness level (GCS score)a | ||||||||
 > 7 | 12 (25.0) | 17 (21.0) | 2 (11.1) | 0.018 | 9 (30.0) | 9 (23.7) | 1 (14.3) | 0.013 |
 7–4 | 25 (52.1) | 25 (30.9) | 5 (27.8) |  | 15 (50.0) | 11 (28.9) | 0 (0) |  |
 3 | 11 (22.9) | 39 (48.1) | 11 (61.1) |  | 6 (20.0) | 68 (47.4) | 6 (85.7) |  |
Cardiac rhythm | ||||||||
 Nonsinus rhythm | 15 (31.2) | 16 (19.8) | 5 (27.8) | 0.321 | 9 (30.0) | 11 (28.9) | 2 (28.6) | 0.994 |
 Sinus rhythm | 33 (68.8) | 65 (80.2) | 13 (72.2) |  | 21 (70.0) | 27 (71.1) | 5 (71.4) |  |
Heart ratea | ||||||||
 Tachycardia | 26 (54.2) | 44 (54.3) | 4 (22.2) | 0.014 | 14 (46.7) | 18 (47.4) | 2 (28.6) | 0.632 |
 Normal | 16 (33.3) | 19 (23.5) | 5 (27.8) |  | 11 (36.7) | 11 (28.9) | 2 (28.6) |  |
 Bradycardia | 6 (12.5) | 18 (22.2) | 9 (50.0) |  | 5 (16.6) | 9 (23.7) | 3 (42.8) |  |
Mean blood pressurea | ||||||||
 Hypertension | 24 (50.0) | 26 (32.1) | 3 (16.7) | 0.015 | 14 (46.7) | 15 (39.5) | 2 (28.6) | 0.529 |
 Normal | 16 (33.3) | 24 (29.6) | 5 (27.8) |  | 9 (30.0) | 11 (28.9) | 1 (14.3) |  |
 Hypotension | 8 (16.7) | 31 (38.3) | 10 (55.6) |  | 7 (23.3) | 12 (31.6) | 4 (57.1) |  |
Oxygenation | ||||||||
 Hypoxia | 11 (22.9) | 26 (32.1) | 5 (27.8) | 0.535 | 7 (23.3) | 11 (28.9) | 2 (28.6) | 0.867 |
 Nonhypoxia | 37 (77.1) | 55 (67.9) | 13 (72.2) |  | 23 (76.7) | 27 (71.1) | 5 (71.4) |  |
Urine outputa | ||||||||
 < 0.5 mL/kg/h | 23 (47.9) | 22 (27.2) | 11 (61.1) | 0.036 | 8 (26.7) | 8 (21.1) | 2 (28.6) | 0.941 |
 1–0.5 mL/kg/h | 16 (33.3) | 39 (48.1) | 4 (22.2) |  | 12 (40.0) | 19 (50.0) | 3 (42.8) |  |
 > 1 mL/kg/h | 9 (18.8) | 20 (24.7) | 3 (16.7) |  | 10 (33.3) | 11 (28.9) | 2 (28.6) |  |
Metabolic acidosis (5)b | ||||||||
 Yes | 35 (77.8) | 46 (58.2) | 15 (83.3) | 0.026 | 16 (53.3) | 17 (44.7) | 5 (71.4) | 0.401 |
 No | 10 (22.2) | 33 (41.8) | 3 (16.7) |  | 14 (46.7) | 21 (55.3) | 2 (28.6) |  |