Table 1 Hemodynamic variables during afterload changes

CO, L⋅min^− 1

7.73 ± 1.40

7.07 ± 1.04^*

8.09 ± 1.61

9.89 ± 1.49^*

SV, ml

105 ± 11

96 ± 12^‡

103 ± 11

119 ± 15^†

HR, beats⋅min^− 1

73 ± 11

73 ± 8

79 ± 11

75 ± 11^*

MAP, mmHg

80 ± 9

111 ± 13^‡

81 ± 8

55 ± 4^‡

EDV, ml

218 ± 47

214 ± 45

211 ± 43

212 ± 45

ESV ml

110 ± 42

115 ± 41

105 ± 40

89 ± 43^†

LV Ped, mmHg

13 ± 4

18 ± 4^‡

12 ± 3

7 ± 3^‡

LV Pes, mmHg

84 ± 11

122 ± 15^‡

90 ± 12

60 ± 7^‡

Ea, mmHg⋅ml^− 1

0.69 ± 0.13

1.09 ± 0.20^‡

0.77 ± 0.16

0.45 ± 0.09^‡

Ees, mmHg⋅ml^− 1

0.36 ± 0.12

0.48 ± 0.11^‡

0.41 ± 0.14

0.35 ± 0.14 ^‡

LV ejection fraction, %

52 ± 10

48 ± 9^*

52 ± 10

60 ± 13^†

SVV, %

10.9 ± 3.6

5.8 ± 2.3^‡

10.9 ± 2.5

21.1 ± 5.9^†

LV dP/dt_max, mmHg⋅s^− 1

1003 ± 158

1245 ± 175^‡

1089 ± 157

963 ± 182^*

Femoral dP/d_max, mmHg⋅s^− 1

306 ± 52

378 ± 53^†

335 ± 75

226 ± 52^†

Radial dP/dt_max, mmHg⋅s^− 1

480 ± 110

409 ± 69^*

463 ± 125

321 ± 96^‡