Table 1 Comparison of characteristics between PA and EH patients, for the whole PA cohort and for the APA subgroup only
Category | Matched EH/PA | Matched EH/APA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EH (n = 2448) | PA (n = 2448) | p | EH (n = 875) | APA (n = 875) | p | |
Propensity score | −3.92 ± 1.72 | − 3.92 ± 1.72 | 0.995 | −0.95 ± 0.38 | −0.95 ± 0.38 | 0.993 |
Male gender | 1146 (46.81%) | 1128 (46.08%) | 0.626 | 375 (42.86%) | 377 (43.09%) | 0.961 |
Age | 48.40 ± 13.52 | 48.40 ± 13.52 | 0.999 | 46.62 ± 12.77 | 46.31 ± 10.55 | 0.829 |
Comorbidity | ||||||
 Congestive heart failure | 11 (0.45%) | 8 (0.33%) | 0.647 | 2 (0.23%) | 3 (0.34%) | 0.999 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 105 (4.29%) | 101 (4.13%) | 0.831 | 29 (3.31%) | 41 (4.69%) | 0.179 |
 CKD | 29 (1.18%) | 43 (1.76%) | 0.122 | 8 (0.91%) | 7 (0.80%) | 0.999 |
 COPD | 91 (3.72%) | 92 (3.76%) | 0.999 | 19 (2.17%) | 17 (1.94%) | 0.867 |
 Coronary artery disease | 1 (0.04%) | 5 (0.20%) | 0.218 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 Dementia | 10 (0.41%) | 11 (0.45%) | 0.999 | 1 (0.11%) | 2 (0.23%) | 0.999 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 208 (8.50%) | 203 (8.29%) | 0.837 | 55 (6.29%) | 66 (7.54%) | 0.346 |
 Hemiplegia | 7 (0.29%) | 7 (0.29%) | 0.999 | 1 (0.11%) | 4 (0.46%) | 0.374 |
 Liver disease | 107 (4.37%) | 100 (4.08%) | 0.670 | 25 (2.86%) | 32 (3.66%) | 0.419 |
 Peptic ulcer | 154 (6.29%) | 138 (5.64%) | 0.365 | 37 (4.23%) | 48 (5.49%) | 0.266 |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 8 (0.33%) | 7 (0.29%) | 0.999 | 3 (0.34%) | 2 (0.23%) | 0.999 |
 Rheumatoid arthritis | 15 (0.61%) | 6 (0.25%) | 0.078 | 2 (0.23%) | 2 (0.23%) | 0.999 |
 Solid tumor | 43 (1.76%) | 49 (2.00%) | 0.599 | 14 (1.60%) | 16 (1.83%) | 0.854 |
 SLE | 2 (0.08%) | 2 (0.08%) | 0.999 | 1 (0.11%) | 1 (0.11%) | 0.999 |
 AF | 10 (0.41%) | 10 (0.41%) | 0.999 | 4 (0.46%) | 2 (0.23%) | 0.687 |
 Dyslipidemia | 203 (8.29%) | 194 (7.92%) | 0.675 | 76 (8.69%) | 65 (7.43%) | 0.380 |
 Alzheimer disease | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.04%) | 0.999 | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.11%) | 0.999 |
 Parkinson disease | 14 (0.57%) | 10 (0.41%) | 0.540 | 4 (0.46%) | 1 (0.11%) | 0.374 |
Hypertensive drugs by categories | ||||||
 Alpha-blocker | 171 (6.99%) | 187 (7.64%) | 0.410 | 75 (8.57%) | 78 (8.91%) | 0.866 |
 ACEI or ARB | 1014 (41.42%) | 997 (40.73%) | 0.642 | 417 (47.66%) | 403 (46.06%) | 0.533 |
 Beta-blocker | 1165 (47.59%) | 1157 (47.26%) | 0.841 | 465 (53.14%) | 473 (54.06%) | 0.737 |
 Calcium-channel blocker | 1556 (63.56%) | 1528 (62.42%) | 0.424 | 631 (72.11%) | 626 (71.54%) | 0.832 |
 Diuretic | 1091 (44.57%) | 1106 (45.18%) | 0.687 | 416 (47.54%) | 385 (44.00%) | 0.150 |
Other concomitant medications | ||||||
 Aspirin | 62 (2.53%) | 58 (2.37%) | 0.782 | 20 (2.29%) | 21 (2.40%) | 0.999 |
 Clopidogrel | 7 (0.29%) | 8 (0.33%) | 0.999 | 2 (0.23%) | 5 (0.57%) | 0.452 |
 Ticlopidine | 10 (0.41%) | 10 (0.41%) | 0.999 | 2 (0.23%) | 3 (0.34%) | 0.999 |
 Warfarin | 16 (0.65%) | 10 (0.41%) | 0.326 | 9 (1.03%) | 3 (0.34%) | 0.145 |
 PPI | 79 (3.23%) | 65 (2.66%) | 0.271 | 24 (2.74%) | 20 (2.29%) | 0.647 |
 H2 blocker | 190 (7.76%) | 176 (7.19%) | 0.480 | 63 (7.20%) | 61 (6.97%) | 0.926 |
 Statin | 119 (4.86%) | 112 (4.58%) | 0.686 | 38 (4.34%) | 36 (4.11%) | 0.906 |
 NSAID | 1136 (46.41%) | 1114 (45.51%) | 0.547 | 408 (46.63%) | 393 (44.91%) | 0.502 |
 Steroid | 182 (7.43%) | 186 (7.60%) | 0.871 | 67 (7.66%) | 58 (6.63%) | 0.458 |
 SSRI | 58 (2.37%) | 42 (1.72%) | 0.129 | 19 (2.17%) | 15 (1.71%) | 0.604 |
 Nitrate | 4 (0.16%) | 5 (0.20%) | 0.999 | 1 (0.11%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.999 |
Inotropic agents used during index hospitalization | ||||||
 Dopamine | 3 (0.12%) | 3 (0.12%) | 0.999 | 2 (0.23%) | 1 (0.11%) | 0.999 |
 Norepinephrine | 17 (0.69%) | 16 (0.65%) | 0.999 | 7 (0.80%) | 2 (0.23%) | 0.179 |
 Vasopressin | 9 (0.37%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.004 | 4 (0.46%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.125 |
 Epinephrine | 39 (1.59%) | 39 (1.59%) | 0.999 | 14 (1.60%) | 2 (0.23%) | 0.004 |
Outcome | ||||||
 Sepsis | 87 (3.55%) | 104 (4.25%) | 0.238 | 29 (3.31%) | 9 (1.03%) | 0.001 |
 Septic shock | 58 (2.37%) | 57 (2.33%) | 0.999 | 19 (2.17%) | 6 (0.69%) | 0.014 |
 Mortality | 273 (11.15%) | 236 (9.64%) | 0.092 | 84 (9.60%) | 28 (3.20%) | < 0.001 |