Fig. 2
From: Delay in antibiotic therapy results in fatal disease outcome in murine pneumococcal pneumonia
Antibiotic therapy has no impact on alveolar neutrophil recruitment. Mice were infected with S. pneumoniae and assigned equally to groups and analysis time points (ntotal = 9 per time point). Starting 24 h or 48 h p.i., intervention groups were treated with ampicillin. As controls, mice were sham infected (PBS; ntotal = 7 per time point) or treated with solvent (0.9% NaCl). Mice surviving until designated analysis time point were sacrificed for BAL and blood sampling (number analyzed per time point presented in Additional file 1: Table S1). a Representative dot blots illustrating gating of innate BAL PMN populations at 24 h and 48 h p.i. b Numbers and frequencies of PMNs in BAL of mice analyzed at indicated time points p.i., quantified by flow cytometry. c Numbers and frequencies of PMNs measured in EDTA-blood by Scil Vet abc hematology analysis of respective mice. b, c Results pooled from three independent experiments per time point. Mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA/Sidak’s multiple comparisons test for comparison of ampicillin versus solvent treatment. One-way ANOVA/Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test for comparison to S. pneumoniae-infected mice at therapy start. *Significant difference between groups at time point, #significant difference from therapy start: */#p < 0.05, **/##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 and ####p < 0.0001. Abx antibiotics, BAL bronchoalveolar lavage, Ctr control, PBS phosphate buffered saline, p.i. post infection, PMN polymorphonuclear leukocyte, S. pn. Streptococcus pneumoniae