Table 1 Summary of baseline and clinical characteristics of the study patients
From: Urinary biomarkers predict advanced acute kidney injury after cardiovascular surgery
All | No AKI or stage 1 AKI | Stage 2 or 3 AKI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 149) | (n = 131) | (n = 18) | ||
Patient characteristics | ||||
Age | 62.36 ± 13.64 | 62.32 ± 13.62 | 62.72 ± 14.23 | 0.907 |
Gender (male) | 104 (69.8%) | 95 (72.5%) | 9 (50.0%) | 0.051 |
BMI | 24.87 ± 3.73 | 24.82 ± 3.48 | 25.26 ± 5.33 | 0.735 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 77 (51.7%) | 69 (52.7%) | 8 (44.4%) | 0.512 |
Diabetes mellitus | 36 (24.2%) | 32 (24.4%) | 4 (22.2%) | 0.838 |
COPD | 4 (2.7%) | 4 (3.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.452 |
Liver cirrhosis | 4 (2.7%) | 4 (3.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.452 |
Congestive heart failure | 14 (9.4%) | 14 (10.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.145 |
Malignancy | 5 (3.4%) | 4 (3.1%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.58 |
Laboratory data at admission | ||||
Preoperative creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.18 ± 0.33 | 1.17 ± 0.31 | 1.26 ± 0.43 | 0.388 |
eGFR (MDRD) (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 63.27 ± 20.59 | 63.86 ± 20.29 | 58.97 ± 22.85 | 0.346 |
eGFR between 30 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 63 (42.3%) | 56 (42.7%) | 7 (38.9%) | 0.756 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.02 ± 2.02 | 13.18 ± 1.96 | 11.83 ± 2.17 | 0.007* |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.15 ± 0.63 | 4.26 ± 0.47 | 3.40 ± 1.03 | 0.003* |
LVEF < 55% | 35 (23.5%) | 31 (23.7%) | 4 (22.2%) | 0.892 |
LVEF < 35% | 10 (6.7%) | 9 (6.9%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.834 |
Perioperative condition | ||||
Inotropic equivalents | 5.83 ± 6.61 | 4.82 ± 4.45 | 13.10 ± 12.81 | 0.014* |
Presence of CPB | 93 (62.4%) | 81 (61.8%) | 12 (66.7%) | 0.691 |
CPB time (min) | 106.57 ± 98.87 | 102.23 ± 97.43 | 143.27 ± 111.96 | 0.200 |
Presence of cross clamp | 72 (48.3%) | 63 (48.1%) | 9 (50.0%) | 0.879 |
Clamp time (min) | 57.41 ± 65.11 | 55.66 ± 65.18 | 78.20 ± 63.82 | 0.295 |
Operative method | ||||
CABG | 77 (51.7%) | 70 (53.4%) | 7 (38.9%) | 0.247 |
Valve | 64 (43.0%) | 55 (42.0%) | 9 (50.0%) | 0.519 |
Aorta | 20 (13.4%) | 16 (12.2%) | 4 (22.2%) | 0.243 |
Post-surgery | ||||
SOFA score | 6.14 ± 2.96 | 5.84 ± 2.69 | 8.47 ± 3.92 | 0.015* |
Respiratory | 0.67 ± 0.75 | 0.66 ± 0.73 | 0.77 ± 1.01 | 0.608 |
Coagulation | 0.43 ± 0.60 | 0.40 ± 0.57 | 0.69 ± 0.85 | 0.093 |
Liver | 0.87 ± 0.65 | 0.85 ± 0.64 | 1.00 ± 0.71 | 0.432 |
Cardiovascular | 0.28 ± 0.55 | 0.24 ± 0.48 | 0.62 ± 0.96 | 0.191 |
Central nervous system | 3.08 ± 1.20 | 3.08 ± 1.21 | 3.08 ± 1.12 | 0.997 |
Renal function | 0.72 ± 0.79 | 0.58 ± 0.66 | 2.07 ± 0.64 | < 0.001* |
Cleveland score | 3.80 ± 1.62 | 3.79 ± 1.56 | 3.89 ± 2.03 | 0.802 |
Liano’s score | −0.60 ± 0.84 | −0.61 ± 0.84 | −0.47 ± 0.87 | 0.506 |
Length of admission (days) | 18.69 ± 37.62 | 17.56 ± 38.51 | 30.75 ± 24.41 | 0.247 |
Length of ICU admission (days) | 3.55 ± 3.30 | 3.43 ± 2.84 | 7.64 ± 5.35 | 0.027* |
90-day mortality | 16 (10.7%) | 6 (4.6%) | 10 (55.6%) | < 0.001* |